Isicelo se-Adhesive / sealant/Bonding flame retardants
Insimu yokwakha:Ukufakwa kweminyango yomlilo, izindonga zomlilo, amabhodi omlilo
Insimu kagesi neye-elekthronikhi:Amabhodi wesekethe, izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi
Imboni yezimoto:Izihlalo, amadeshibhodi, amaphaneli eminyango
Insimu yezindiza:Izinsimbi zezindiza, izakhiwo zezindiza
Izinto zasekhaya:Ifenisha, phansi, amaphephadonga
Itheyiphu Yokudlulisa Enamathelayo Evikela Umlilo:Kuhle kakhulu ngezinsimbi, amagwebu kanye nepulasitiki njenge-polyethylene
Ukusebenza Kwezinto Ezivimbela Umlilo
Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi zivimbela noma zibambezele ukusabalala komlilo ngokucindezela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali elangabini noma ngokwakhiwa kwengqimba evikelayo ebusweni bento.
Zingaxutshwa nezinto eziyisisekelo (izithako zomlilo ezengeziwe) noma zihlanganiswe ngamakhemikhali kuzo (izithako zomlilo ezisebenzayo). Izithako zomlilo zamaminerali ngokuvamile ziyanezela kuyilapho izinto eziphilayo zingaba nomthelela noma zibe nomthelela.
Ukuklama Isinamathelisi Esivimbela Umlilo
Umlilo unezigaba ezine ngempumelelo:
Ukuqaliswa
Ukukhula
Isimo Esizinzile, kanye
Ukubola
Ukuqhathaniswa Kwamazinga Okushisa Okuwohloka Kwesinamathiseli Esijwayelekile Se-Thermoset
Nalabo Abafinyelelwe Ezigabeni Ezihlukahlukene Zomlilo
Isimo ngasinye sinezinga lokushisa elihambisanayo lokuwohloka njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso. Ekuklameni inhlaka evimbela umlilo, abenzi befomula kumele babeke imizamo yabo ekuletheni ukumelana nokushisa esigabeni esifanele somlilo sokusetshenziswa:
● Ekukhiqizeni izinto zikagesi, isibonelo, inhlaka kumele icindezele noma yikuphi ukuthambekela kwengxenye kagesi kokubamba umlilo - noma ukuqala - uma kukhona ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa okubangelwa iphutha.
● Kumathayili noma amaphaneli okubopha, izinti zokunamathisela kudingeka zimelane nokuqhekeka ezigabeni zokukhula kanye nesimo esizinzile, ngisho noma zithintana ngqo nelangabi.
● Kumelwe futhi banciphise amagesi anobuthi kanye nentuthu ekhishwayo. Izakhiwo ezithwala umthwalo cishe zizobhekana nazo zonke izigaba ezine zomlilo.
Ukunciphisa Umjikelezo Wokushisa
Ukuze kuncishiswe umjikelezo wokushisa, enye noma eziningana zezinqubo ezibangela umlilo kumele zisuswe yilokhu okulandelayo:
● Ukususwa kukaphethiloli oshintshashintshayo, njengokupholisa
● Ukukhiqizwa kwesithiyo sokushisa, njengokusha, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe uphethiloli ngokunciphisa ukudluliselwa kokushisa, noma
● Ukucima ukusabela kweketanga elangeni, njengokwengeza izinto zokususa ama-radical ezifanele
Izithasiselo ezivimbela ilangabi zenza lokhu ngokusebenza ngamakhemikhali kanye/noma ngokomzimba esigabeni esincishisiwe (esiqinile) noma esigabeni segesi ngokunikeza omunye wale misebenzi elandelayo:
●Abaqambi be-Char:Ngokuvamile amakhemikhali e-phosphorus, asusa umthombo kaphethiloli wekhabhoni futhi ahlinzeke ngesendlalelo sokuvikela ukushisa komlilo. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwakha i-char:
Ukuqondiswa kabusha kwemiphumela yamakhemikhali ehilelekile ekuboleni ukuze kutholakale imiphumela ekhiqiza ikhabhoni kune-CO noma i-CO2 kanye
Ukwakheka kwengqimba engaphezulu ye-char evikelayo
●Izifutho zokushisa:Ngokuvamile i-metal hydrate, njenge-aluminium trihydrate noma i-magnesium hydroxide, esusa ukushisa ngokuhwamuka kwamanzi esakhiweni se-flame retardant.
●Izicimi-mlilo:Ngokuvamile izinhlelo ze-halogen ezisekelwe ku-bromine noma i-chlorine eziphazamisa ukusabela elangeni.
● Abasebenzi bokuxhumana:Ngokuvamile ama-antimony compounds, athuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-flame quencher.
Ukubaluleka Kwezinto Ezivimbela Umlilo Ekuvikelweni Komlilo
Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvikela umlilo njengoba zingagcini nje ngokunciphisa ingozi yokuqala komlilo, kodwa futhi neyokwanda kwawo. Lokhu kwandisa isikhathi sokubaleka futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, kuvikela abantu, impahla kanye nemvelo.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokusungula inhlaka njengento evimbela umlilo. Ake siqonde ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zezinto ezivimbela umlilo ngokuningiliziwe.
Isidingo sezinamathelisi ezivimbela umlilo siyanda futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kukhula kuye ezibonelweni eziningi zemikhakha ehlukene yezimboni okuhlanganisa izindiza, ezokwakha, izinto zikagesi kanye nezokuthutha zomphakathi (ikakhulukazi izitimela).
1: Ngakho-ke, enye yezindlela ezibalulekile ezisobala ukumelana nomlilo/ukungashi noma, okungcono nakakhulu, ukuvimbela umlilo – okuvimbela umlilo kahle.
2: I-glue akufanele ikhiphe intuthu eningi noma enobuthi.
3: I-glue idinga ukugcina ubuqotho bayo besakhiwo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (ibe nokumelana okuhle nokushisa ngangokunokwenzeka).
4: Izinto ezinamathelayo ezibolile akufanele zibe nemikhiqizo eyingozi.
Kubukeka sengathi kunzima kakhulu ukuthola inhlaka engahambisana nalezi zidingo - futhi kulesi sigaba, i-viscosity, umbala, isivinini sokulungisa kanye nendlela ekhethwayo yokulungisa, ukugcwalisa igebe, ukusebenza kwamandla, ukuhanjiswa kokushisa, kanye nokupakishwa akukacatshangwa. Kodwa osokhemisi bentuthuko bajabulela inselele enhle ngakho-ke YILETHENI!
Imithethonqubo yemvelo ivame ukuba ngeyomkhakha kanye nesifunda esithile
Iqembu elikhulu lezinto ezivimbela umlilo ezihloliwe litholakale linephrofayili enhle yezemvelo kanye nempilo. Lezi yizi:
● I-Ammonium polyphosphate
● I-diethylphosphinate ye-aluminium
● I-aluminium hydroxide
● I-magnesium hydroxide
● I-Melamine polyphosphate
● I-Dihydrooxaphosphaphenanthrene
● I-stannate ye-zinc
● I-zinc hydroxstannate
Ukuphelelwa yilangatye
Izinamathiseli zingathuthukiswa ukuze zifane nesilinganiso esishelelayo sokuvinjelwa komlilo - nansi imininingwane yezigaba zokuhlolwa kwe-Underwriters Laboratory. Njengabakhiqizi bezinamathiseli, sibona izicelo ikakhulukazi ze-UL94 V-0 futhi ngezinye izikhathi ze-HB.
UL94
● HB: ukushisa kancane kusampula evundlile. Izinga lokusha <76mm/min ukuze kube nobukhulu <3mm noma ukuyeka ukusha ngaphambi kuka-100mm
● V-2: Ukusha (okuqondile) kuyayeka ngemizuzwana engaphansi kwengu-30 futhi noma yikuphi ukuconsa kungase kukhanye
● V-1: (ngokuqondile) ukushisa kuyayeka ngemizuzwana engaphansi kwengu-30, futhi amaconsi avunyelwe (kodwa kumelehhayiukusha)
● Ukusha kwe-V-0 (okuqondile) kuyayeka ngemizuzwana engaphansi kweyi-10, futhi amaconsi avunyelwe (kodwa kumelehhayiukusha)
● Ukusha kwe-5VB (isampula ye-plaque eqondile) kuyayeka ngemizuzwana engaphansi kwengu-60, akukho ukuconsa; isampula ingase iveze umgodi.
● 5VA njengoba kushiwo ngenhla kodwa akuvunyelwe ukwakha umgodi.
Izigaba ezimbili zokugcina zizosebenza kuphaneli elihlanganisiwe hhayi kusibonelo se-glue.
Ukuhlola kulula kakhulu futhi akudingi imishini eyinkimbinkimbi, nansi indlela yokuhlola eyisisekelo:
Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukwenza lolu vivinyo kwezinye izinti zokubopha zodwa. Ikakhulukazi kuma-adhesive angeke aphiliswe kahle ngaphandle kwejoyinti elivaliwe. Kulesi simo, ungahlola kuphela phakathi kwezinti zokubopha ezihlanganisiwe. Kodwa-ke, i-epoxy glue kanye nezinti zokubopha ze-UV zingaphiliswa njenge-specimen yokuhlola eqinile. Bese, faka i-specimen yokuhlola emihlathini ye-clamp stand. Gcina ibhakede lesihlabathi eduze, futhi sincoma kakhulu ukwenza lokhu ngaphansi kokukhishwa noma ekhabetheni lomusi. Ungavuli noma yiziphi izixwayiso zentuthu! Ikakhulukazi lezo ezixhunywe ngqo ezinsizeni eziphuthumayo. Bamba i-specimen ivutha bese unquma ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ilangabi licime. Hlola ukuthi kukhona yini amaconsi ngaphansi (ngethemba, unethileyi elilahlwayo endaweni; ngaphandle kwalokho, sala kahle i-worktop enhle).
Osokhemisi abanamathelayo bahlanganisa izithasiselo eziningana ukuze benze izinti ezibamba umlilo - futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokucima amalangabi (yize lesi sici kunzima ukusifinyelela kulezi zinsuku njengoba abakhiqizi abaningi bezimpahla sebecela amafomula angenayo i-halogen).
Izithasiselo zezinamathelisi ezingashisi zifaka phakathi
● Amakhemikhali akha i-char e-organic asiza ekunciphiseni ukushisa nomusi futhi avikele izinto ezingaphansi ekushiseni okuqhubekayo.
● Izifutho zokushisa, lezi yizifutho zensimbi ezivamile ezisiza ekunikezeni ingcina izakhiwo ezinhle zokushisa (ngokuvamile, izifutho ezivimbela umlilo zikhethwa ukuze zisetshenziswe ekuhlanganiseni isinki sokushisa lapho kudingeka khona ukuhanjiswa kokushisa okuphezulu).
Kuyibhalansi ecophelelayo njengoba lezi zithasiselo zizobangela ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izakhiwo zokunamathela njengokuqina, i-rheology, isivinini sokwelapha, ukuguquguquka njll.
Ingabe ukhona umehluko phakathi kwezinamathelisi ezingashisi umlilo kanye nezinamathelisi ezingashisi umlilo?
Yebo! Likhona. Womabili la magama asetshenziswe kabanzi esihlokweni, kodwa mhlawumbe kungcono kakhulu ukulungisa indaba.
Izinamathelisi ezingashisi umlilo
Lezi zivame ukuba yimikhiqizo efana nama-adhesive cement kanye nama-sealant angaphili. Azishi futhi zibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo kufaka phakathi, ama-blast furnace, ama-oven njll. Azenzi lutho ukuvimba ukusha kwe-assembly. Kodwa zenza umsebenzi omuhle wokubamba zonke izingxenye ezivuthayo ndawonye.
Izinamathelisi ezivimbela umlilo
Lokhu kusiza ukucima amalangabi futhi kunciphise ukusabalala komlilo.
Izimboni eziningi zifuna lolu hlobo lwezinamathiselo
● Izinto zikagesi– zokufaka nokufaka izinto zikagesi ezitsheni, izinki zokushisa ezibophayo, amabhodi esekethe njll. Isekethe emfushane kagesi ingashisa kalula umlilo. Kodwa ama-PCB aqukethe izinto ezivimbela umlilo – ngokuvamile kubalulekile ukuthi izinamathiseli nazo zibe nalezi zakhiwo.
● Ukwakhiwa– ukumbozwa kanye nophahla (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zomphakathi) ngokuvamile akufanele kushiswe futhi kuhlanganiswe ne-glue evimbela umlilo.
● Ezokuthutha zomphakathi– izinqola zesitimela, ingaphakathi lamabhasi, ama-tram njll. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinamathelisi ezivimbela ilangabi kuhlanganisa amaphaneli ahlanganisiwe okubopha, phansi, nezinye izinto ezifakiwe kanye nokufakwa. Izinamathelisi azisizi nje kuphela ekumiseni ukusabalala komlilo. Kodwa zihlinzeka ngokuhlangana okuhle ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinamathelisi ezisebenza ngomshini ezingabukeki kahle (nezingalawuleki).
● Izindiza– njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinto zangaphakathi zekhabhini zingaphansi kwemithetho eqinile. Kumelwe zingabi yingozi yomlilo futhi zingagcwalisi ikhabhini ngentuthu emnyama ngesikhathi somlilo.
Izindinganiso Nezindlela Zokuhlola Zezinto Ezivimbela Umlilo
Izindinganiso ezihlobene nokuhlolwa komlilo zihloselwe ukunquma ukusebenza kwento ethile maqondana nelangabi, intuthu, kanye nobuthi (i-FST). Ukuhlolwa okuningana kuye kwasetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthola ukumelana kwezinto kulezi zimo.
Ukuhlolwa Okukhethiwe Kwabavikeli Bomlilo
| Ukumelana Nokushisa | |
| I-ASTM D635 | "Izinga Lokushiswa Kwepulasitiki" |
| I-ASTM E162 | "Ukusha Kwezinto Zepulasitiki" |
| I-UL 94 | "Ukusha Kwezinto Zepulasitiki" |
| I-ISO 5657 | "Ukusha Kwemikhiqizo Yezakhiwo" |
| I-BS 6853 | "Ukusabalala Kwamalangabi" |
| UKUDE 25.853 | "Indinganiso Yokufaneleka Komoya - Ingaphakathi Legumbi" |
| I-NF T 51-071 | "Inkomba ye-Oxygen" |
| I-NF C 20-455 | "Ukuhlolwa Kwentambo Ekhanyayo" |
| I-DIN 53438 | "Ukusabalala Kwamalangabi" |
| Ukumelana Nokushisa Okuphezulu | |
| BS 476 Ingxenye No. 7 | "Ukusabalala Komphezulu Welangabi - Izinto Zokwakha" |
| I-DIN 4172 | "Izindlela Zokusebenza Zomlilo Zezinto Zokwakha" |
| I-ASTM E648 | “Izembozo Zaphansi – Iphaneli Ekhazimulayo” |
| Ubuthi | |
| I-SMP 800C | "Ukuhlolwa Kobuthi" |
| I-BS 6853 | "Ukukhishwa Kwentuthu" |
| I-NF X 70-100 | "Ukuhlolwa Kobuthi" |
| I-ATS 1000.01 | "Ubuningi Bomusi" |
| Ukukhiqizwa Kwentuthu | |
| I-BS 6401 | "Ubuningi Bokubuka Komusi Obuqondile" |
| I-BS 6853 | "Ukukhishwa Kwentuthu" |
| I-NES 711 | "Inkomba Yentuthu Yemikhiqizo Yokusha" |
| I-ASTM D2843 | “Ubuningi Bentuthu Obuvela Epulasitikini Elivuthayo” |
| I-ISO CD5659 | "Ubuningi Bokubona Okuthile - Ukukhiqizwa Kwentuthu" |
| I-ATS 1000.01 | "Ubuningi Bomusi" |
| I-DIN 54837 | "Isizukulwane Sokubhema" |
Ukuhlolwa Kokumelana Nokushisa
Ezivivinyweni eziningi ezilinganisa ukumelana nokusha, izinti ezifanelekile yilezo ezingaqhubeki nokusha isikhathi eside ngemva kokususwa komthombo wokusha. Kulezi zivivinyo isampula yokunamathela elaphekile ingase ishiswe ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi into enamathelayo (inti enamathelayo ihlolwa njengefilimu yamahhala).
Nakuba le ndlela ingalingisi iqiniso elingokoqobo, inikeza idatha ewusizo mayelana nokumelana okulinganiselwe kwe-glue ekushiseni.
Izakhiwo zesampula ezine-glue kanye ne-adhesive nazo zingahlolwa. Le miphumela ingase imele kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-glue emlilweni wangempela njengoba umnikelo onikezwa yi-adhesive ungaba muhle noma mubi.
Ukuhlolwa Kokushisa Okuqondile kwe-UL-94
Ihlinzeka ngokuhlolwa kokuqala kokusha kanye nokuconsa kwama-polymer asetshenziswa emishinini kagesi, kumadivayisi kagesi, kumadivayisi, nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ibhekana nezici zokusetshenziswa kokugcina kokushisa, izinga lokusha, ukusabalala komlilo, umnikelo kaphethiloli, ubukhali bokushisa, kanye nemikhiqizo yokushisa.
Ukusebenza Nokusetha - Kulolu vivinyo isampula yefilimu noma ye-substrate embozwe ngendwangu ifakwe phezulu endaweni evalekile engenawo umoya. Isishisi sibekwa ngaphansi kwesampula imizuzwana eyi-10 futhi isikhathi sokushisa siyanqunywa. Noma yikuphi ukuconsa okushisa ukotini wokuhlinzwa obekwe ngamasentimitha angu-12 ngaphansi kwesampula kuyaphawulwa.
Ukuhlolwa kunezigaba eziningana:
94 V-0: Akukho sampula evutha amalangabi isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzwana eyi-10 ngemva kokushisa. Amasampula awashi aze afike esibambisweni sokubamba, awaconsi futhi awashisi ukotini, noma abe nokushisa okukhanyayo okuqhubeka imizuzwana engama-30 ngemva kokususwa kwelilangabi lokuhlola.
94 V-1: Akukho sampula okufanele ibe nokusha okuvuthayo imizuzwana engaphezu kwengu-30 ngemva kokusha ngakunye. Amasampula awashi aze afike esibambisweni sokubamba, awaconsi futhi awashisi ukotini, noma abe nokukhanya okungemuva kwemizuzwana engaphezu kwengu-60.
94 V-2: Lokhu kuhilela imigomo efanayo ne-V-1, ngaphandle kokuthi amasampula avunyelwe ukuconsa nokushisa ukotini ngaphansi kwesampula.
Amanye Amasu Okulinganisa Ukumelana Nokushisa
Enye indlela yokulinganisa ukumelana nokusha kwezinto ukukala i-limiting oxygen index (LOI). I-LOI ukuhlushwa okuncane komoya-mpilo okuvezwa njengephesenti levolumu yengxube ye-oxygen ne-nitrogen esekela nje ukusha okuvuthayo kwezinto ekuqaleni ekushiseni kwegumbi.
Ukumelana kwe-glue emazingeni okushisa aphezulu uma kwenzeka umlilo kudinga ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile ngaphandle komlilo, intuthu, kanye nemiphumela yobuthi. Ngokuvamile i-substrate izovikela i-glue emlilweni. Kodwa-ke, uma i-glue ikhululeka noma yonakala ngenxa yokushisa komlilo, i-joint ingahluleka okubangela ukuhlukana kwe-substrate kanye ne-glue. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, i-glue ngokwayo iyadalulwa kanye ne-substrate yesibili. Lezi zindawo ezintsha zingaba negalelo elikhulu emlilweni.
Igumbi lokuminyana kwentuthu le-NIST (ASTM D2843, BS 6401) lisetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izimboni ukuthola umusi okhiqizwa izinto eziqinile kanye nezinhlangano ezifakwe endaweni eqondile ngaphakathi kwegumbi elivaliwe. Ukuminyana kwentuthu kulinganiswa ngokubona.
Uma ingcina ihlanganiswa phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili, ukumelana nomlilo kanye nokushisa kwezingxenye ezingaphansi kulawula ukubola kanye nokukhishwa kwentuthu kwengcina.
Ekuhlolweni kobuningi bentuthu, izinamathiseli zingahlolwa zodwa njengesembozo samahhala ukuze kubekwe isimo esibi kakhulu.
Thola Ibanga Elifanele Lokubambelela Komlilo
Buka ububanzi obubanzi bamamaki okuvimbela umlilo atholakala emakethe namuhla, hlaziya idatha yobuchwepheshe yomkhiqizo ngamunye, thola usizo lobuchwepheshe noma ucele amasampula.
I-TF-101, i-TF-201, i-TF-AMP
