Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi Imindeni yezindwangu
Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi zivame ukungezwa emikhiqizweni yabathengi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zokusha kwefenisha, izindwangu, izinto zikagesi, kanye nemikhiqizo yokwakha efana nokushisa.
Izindwangu ezingamelani nomlilo zingaba izinhlobo ezimbili: imicu yemvelo engamelani nomlilo noma ziphathwe ngamakhemikhali angamelani nomlilo. Izindwangu eziningi zingavutha kalula futhi ziyingozi yomlilo ngaphandle kokuthi ziphathwe ngezinto ezivimbela umlilo.
Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ziyiqembu elihlukahlukene lamakhemikhali anezelwa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yendwangu ukuvimbela noma ukubambezela ukusabalala komlilo. Imindeni eyinhloko yezinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yendwangu yilezi: 1. Ama-Halogens (i-Bromine ne-Chlorine); 2. I-Phosphorus; 3. I-Nitrogen; 4. I-Phosphorus ne-Nitrogen
Ama-BFR asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela imililo kuma-elekthronikhi kanye nemishini kagesi. Isibonelo ezindaweni ezivalekile zama-TV kanye nama-computer monitors, amabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe, izintambo zikagesi kanye nama-insulation foam.
Embonini yezindwangu, ama-BFR asetshenziswa ekumbozeni indwangu ngemuva kwamakhethini, izihlalo kanye nefenisha efakwe upholstery. Izibonelo yi-Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) kanye ne-Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs).
Ama-BFR ayaqhubeka emvelweni futhi kukhona ukukhathazeka ngezingozi la makhemikhali azibangela empilweni yomphakathi. Ama-BFR amaningi awavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa. Ngo-2023, i-ECHA yandisa eminye imikhiqizo ohlwini lwe-SVHC, njenge-TBBPA (CAS 79-94-7), i-BTBPE (CAS 37853-59-1).
Lesi sigaba sisetshenziswa kabanzi kokubili kuma-polymer kanye ne-textile cellulose fibre. Kuma-halogen-free halogen flame retardants ikakhulukazi, ama-triaryl phosphates (anezindandatho ezintathu ze-benzene ezinamathele eqenjini eliqukethe i-phosphorus) asetshenziswa njengezindlela zokufaka esikhundleni sama-brominated flame retardants. Ama-Organophosphorus flame retardants kwezinye izimo nawo angase abe ne-bromine noma i-chlorine.
Izinga lokuphepha kwamathoyizi i-EN 71-9 liyakwenqabela izinto ezimbili ezithize zokuvimbela ilangabi le-phosphate ezintweni zendwangu ezifinyelelekayo ezisetshenziswa kumathoyizi ahloselwe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Lezi zinto ezimbili ezivimbela ilangabi cishe zitholakala kakhulu ezintweni zendwangu ezimbozwe ngepulasitiki njenge-PVC kunendwangu yendwangu uqobo. I-Tri-o-cresyl phosphate, i-tricresyl phosphate enobuthi kakhulu, cishe ayinakusetshenziswa kune-tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate.
Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi le-nitrogen zisekelwe ku-melamine emsulwa noma izinto eziphuma kuyo, okungukuthi usawoti one-asidi ephilayo noma engaphili. I-melamine emsulwa njengento evimbela ilangabi isetshenziselwa kakhulu amagwebu aguquguqukayo e-polyurethane avimbela ilangabi efenisha ehlotshiswe nge-upholstery emakhaya, ezihlalweni zezimoto/zezimoto kanye nasezihlalweni zezingane. Izinto eziphuma ku-melamine njenge-FR zisetshenziswa ekwakheni nasemishinini kagesi neye-elekthronikhi.
Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi zengezwa ngamabomu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kwezindwangu.
Qiniseka ukuthi ugwema noma yiziphi izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezivinjelwe noma ezivinjelwe. Ngo-2023, i-ECHA yafaka i-Melamine (CAS 108-78-1) ku-SVHC
Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezingenayo i-halogen eTaifeng ezisekelwe ku-Phosphorus ne-Nitrogen zezindwangu kanye nemicu.
Izixazululo ze-Taifeng ezingenayo i-halogen zezindwangu nemicu zinikeza ukuphepha emlilweni ngaphandle kokudala izingozi ezintsha ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali ayingozi akudala ingozi. Ukunikezwa kwethu kufaka phakathi izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezenzelwe wena ukukhiqizwa kwemicu ye-viscose/rayon kanye nezithako ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuvikela izindwangu kanye nesikhumba sokwenziwa. Uma kukhulunywa ngezindwangu ezimboza ngemuva, ukuhlakazeka okulungele ukusetshenziswa kungamelana nomlilo ngisho nangemva kwemijikelezo eminingi yokuwasha nokuhlanza okomile.
Ukuvikelwa komlilo okuqinile, izinzuzo ezibalulekile zesisombululo sethu sezindwangu kanye nemicu.
Indwangu evimbela ilangabi yenziwa nge-lame retarder ngemuva kokwelashwa.
izinga lendwangu elivimbela ilangabi: elivimbela ilangabi lesikhashana, elivimbela ilangabi elingaphezi kanye nelivimbela ilangabi eliqinile (elihlala njalo).
Inqubo yesikhashana yokuvimbela umlilo: sebenzisa i-ejenti yokuqeda umlilo encibilikayo emanzini, njenge-ammonium polyphosphate encibilikayo emanzini, bese uyifaka ngokulinganayo endwangu ngokuyicwilisa, ukuyipheda, ukuyixubha noma ukuyifafaza, njll., futhi izoba nomphumela wokuvimbela umlilo ngemva kokomiswa. Ifaneleka. Ingabizi futhi kulula ukuyiphatha ezintweni ezingadingi ukugezwa noma ukugezwa njalo, njengezindwangu zokuvikela ilanga, kodwa ayimelani nokugezwa.
Ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-APP esincibilikayo emanzini esingu-10%-20%, i-TF-301, i-TF-303 kokubili kulungile. Isixazululo samanzi sicacile futhi asithathi hlangothi. Ngokwesicelo sokuvimbela umlilo, ikhasimende lingalungisa ukuhlushwa.
Inqubo yokuvimbela umlilo okwesikhashana: Kusho ukuthi indwangu esiqediwe ingamelana nokuwashwa okuncane izikhathi eziyi-10-15 futhi isalokhu inomphumela wokuvimbela umlilo, kodwa ayimelani nensipho eshisa kakhulu. Le nqubo ifanelekela indwangu yokuhlobisa yangaphakathi, izihlalo zezimoto, izembozo, njll.
I-TF-201 inikeza isivikelo somlilo esingabizi kakhulu, esingena-halogenated, esisekelwe ku-phosphorus sokugqoka izindwangu kanye nezimbozo. I-TF-201, TF-201S, TF-211, TF-212 zifanelekela ukugqoka izindwangu. Indwangu ehlala isikhathi eside evimbela umlilo. Amatende angaphandle, amakhaphethi, izembozo zodonga, izihlalo ezivimbela umlilo (ingaphakathi lezimoto, izikebhe, izitimela nezindiza) izinqola zezingane, amakhethini, izingubo zokuzivikela.
Ukwakhiwa Okubhekiselwe Kuye
| I-Amoniun | I-Acrylic Emulsion | I-ejenti yokuhlakaza | I-ejenti Yokuhlambalaza | I-ejenti yokujiya |
| 35 | 63.7 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 1.0 |
Inqubo yokuqeda ehlala isikhathi eside evimbela umlilo: Inani lokuwasha lingafinyelela izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-50, futhi lingafakwa insipho. Lifanele izindwangu ezivamise ukuhlanzwa, njengezingubo zokuzivikela zomsebenzi, izingubo zokucima umlilo, amatende, izikhwama, nezinto zasekhaya.
Ngenxa yendwangu evimbela umlilo njengendwangu ye-Oxford evimbela umlilo, ayishisi, imelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ayincibiliki, ayiconsi, futhi inamandla aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, lo mkhiqizo usetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokwakha imikhumbi, ukushisela isakhiwo esikhulu sensimbi kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kagesi endaweni, imishini yokuvikela ukushisela igesi, imboni yamakhemikhali, i-metallurgy, i-theatre, izitolo ezinkulu, izitolo ezinkulu, amahhotela nezinye izindawo zomphakathi ezinemishini yomoya ophakathi, imishini yokuvimbela umlilo kanye neyokuvikela.
I-TF-211, TF-212, ilungele indwangu eqinile engashisi ilangabi. Kuyadingeka ukwengeza ungqimba olungangeni manzi.
Izindinganiso ezivimbela ilangabi zezindwangu zezindwangu emazweni ahlukahlukene
Izindwangu ezivimbela ilangabi zibhekisela ezindwangu ezingacima ngokuzenzakalelayo zingakapheli imizuzwana emi-2 zishiya ilangabi elivulekile noma ngabe zivuthelwa ilangabi elivulekile. Ngokwendlela yokwengeza izinto ezivimbela ilangabi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezindwangu ezivimbela ilangabi ngaphambi kokwelashwa kanye nezindwangu ezivimbela ilangabi ngemva kokwelashwa. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindwangu ezivimbela ilangabi kungabambezela ngempumelelo ukusabalala komlilo, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwezindwangu ezivimbela ilangabi ezindaweni zomphakathi kungagwema ukulimala okwengeziwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezindwangu ezivimbela umlilo kungabambezela ngempumelelo ukusabalala komlilo, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwezindwangu ezivimbela umlilo ezindaweni zomphakathi kungagwema ukulimala okwengeziwe. Izidingo zokusebenza kwezindwangu ezweni lakithi ziphakanyiswa kakhulu ezingutsheni zokuzivikela, izindwangu ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zomphakathi, kanye nangaphakathi kwezimoto.
Izinga elijwayelekile lendwangu yaseBrithani eligcina ilangabi
1. I-BS7177 (BS5807) ifanele izindwangu ezifana nefenisha nomatrasi ezindaweni zomphakathi e-UK. Izidingo ezikhethekile zokusebenza komlilo, izindlela zokuhlola eziqinile. Umlilo uhlukaniswe ngemithombo yomlilo eyisishiyagalombili kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-7, okuhambisana namazinga amane okuvikela umlilo anezingozi eziphansi, eziphakathi, eziphakeme kanye neziphezulu kakhulu.
2. I-BS7175 ifanele amazinga okuvikela umlilo ahlala njalo emahhotela, ezindaweni zokuzijabulisa nakwezinye izindawo ezinabantu abaningi. Ukuhlolwa kudinga ukudlula izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zokuhlolwa ze-Schedule4Part1 kanye ne-Schedule5Part1.
3. I-BS7176 ifanelekela izindwangu zokumboza ifenisha, ezidinga ukumelana nomlilo kanye nokumelana namanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, indwangu kanye nokugcwaliswa kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane noHlelo 4Ingxenye 1, Uhlelo 5Ingxenye 1, ukuminyana kwentuthu, ubuthi kanye nezinye izinkomba zokuhlola. Kuyindinganiso eqinile yokuvikela umlilo yezihlalo ezinephedi kune-BS7175 (BS5852).
4. I-BS5452 iyasebenza kumashidi okulala kanye nezindwangu zemicamelo ezindaweni zomphakathi zaseBrithani kanye nayo yonke ifenisha engenisiwe. Kuyadingeka ukuthi zisengamelana nomlilo ngemva kokuwasha noma ukuhlanza okomile izikhathi ezingu-50.
5. Uchungechunge lwe-BS5438: Amaphijama ezingane aseBrithani BS5722; imibhede yaseBrithani BS5815.3; amakhethini aseBrithani BS6249.1B.
Izinga Elijwayelekile Lokuvinjelwa Komlilo Wendwangu YaseMelika
1. I-CA-117 iyindinganiso yokuvikela umlilo esetshenziswa kanye kuphela e-United States. Ayidingi ukuhlolwa ngemva kwamanzi futhi isebenza ezindwangu eziningi ezithunyelwa e-United States.
2. I-CS-191 iyindinganiso ejwayelekile yokuvikela umlilo yezingubo zokuzivikela e-United States, egcizelela ukusebenza komlilo isikhathi eside kanye nenduduzo yokugqoka. Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula ngokuvamile buyindlela yokuhlanganisa enezinyathelo ezimbili noma indlela yokuhlanganisa enezinyathelo eziningi, enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe kanye nenani elengeziwe lenzuzo.
