ukwakhiwa kwereferensi yerabha ye-silicone esekelwe kuma-halogen-free flame retardants

Nawa amadizayini amahlanu okwakhiwa kwenjoloba ye-silicone esekelwe kuma-flame retardants angenawo i-halogen, afaka ama-flame retardants ahlinzekwa ikhasimende (i-aluminium hypophosphite, i-zinc borate, i-MCA, i-aluminium hydroxide, ne-ammonium polyphosphate). Le miklamo ihlose ukuqinisekisa ukubambezeleka komlilo kuyilapho kunciphisa amanani okungezwayo ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela kuzakhiwo zemishini zenjoloba ye-silicone.

1. I-Phosphorus-Nitrogen Synergistic Retardant System (Uhlobo Olusebenza Kakhulu Lokwakha I-Char)

Ithagethi: UL94 V-0, intuthu ephansi, ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphakathi ukuya phezulu

I-Base RubberIrabha ye-silicone ye-Methyl vinyl (VMQ, 100 phr)

Ama-Flame Retardants:

• I-Aluminium hypophosphite (i-AHP, i-phosphorus-based)awu :15
• Inikeza umthombo osebenza kahle we-phosphorus, ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-char, futhi icindezela ukusha kwesigaba segesi.
• I-Melamine cyanrate (MCA, i-nitrogen-based): 10 ph
• Isebenzisana ne-phosphorus, ikhulula amagesi angasebenzi, futhi ihlambulule umoya-mpilo.
• I-Zinc borate (ZnB)awu :5
• Ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-char, icindezela intuthu, futhi ithuthukisa ukuqina kongqimba lwe-char.
• I-Aluminium hydroxide (ATH, indlela yamakhemikhali, 1.6–2.3 μm): 20 ph
• Ukubola kwe-endothermic, ukuncipha komlilo osizayo, nokuhlakazeka okuthuthukisiwe.

Izithasiselo:

• Amafutha e-silicone e-Hydroxyl (2 phr, athuthukisa ukusebenza)
• I-silica evuthayo (10 phr, ukuqinisa)
• I-ejenti yokwelapha (i-Diperoxide, 0.8 phr)

Izici:

• Isamba sokulayisha okuhoxise amalangabi okungu-~50 phr, ukulinganisa ukubambezeleka komlilo kanye nezakhiwo eziwumshini.
• I-Phosphorus-nitrogen synergy (AHP + MCA) yehlisa inani elidingekayo lezinqamuleli zomlilo ngazinye.

2. I-Intumescent Flame Retardant System (Uhlobo Olulayisha Kancane)

Ithagethi: UL94 V-1/V-0, ilungele imikhiqizo emincane

I-Base RubberI-VMQ (100 phr)

Ama-Flame Retardants:

• I-Ammonium polyphosphate (APP, i-phosphorus-nitrogen-based): 12 ph
• Ingqikithi yokwakheka kwe-char ye-intumescent, ehambisana kahle nerabha ye-silicone.
• I-Aluminium hypophosphite (AHP)awu :8
• Umthombo we-phosphorus ongeziwe, wehlisa i-APP hygroscopicity.
• I-Zinc borate (ZnB)awu :5
• I-Synergistic char catalysis kanye nokucindezelwa kwe-drip.
• I-Aluminium hydroxide (umhlabathi, 3–20 μm)awu :15
• Izindleko eziphansi ezisiza i-flame retardant, kunciphisa ukulayishwa kwe-APP.

Izithasiselo:

• Amafutha e-vinyl silicone (3 phr, i-plasticization)
• I-silica enciphile (15 phr, i-reinforcement)
• I-Pt (0.1% Pt)

Izici:

• Isamba sokulayishwa kwe-flame retardant ~ 40 phr, kusebenza kahle emikhiqizweni emincane ngenxa yendlela ye-intumescent.
• I-APP idinga ukwelashwa okungaphezulu (isb, i-ejenti yokuhlanganisa i-silane) ukuvimbela ukufuduka.

3. I-Aluminium Hydroxide Optimized System Elayisha Kakhulu (Uhlobo Oluphumelelayo)

Ithagethi: UL94 V-0, ilungele imikhiqizo ewugqinsi noma izintambo

I-Base RubberI-VMQ (100 phr)

Ama-Flame Retardants:

• I-Aluminium hydroxide (ATH, indlela yamakhemikhali, 1.6–2.3 μm): 50 ph
• I-primary retardant flame, ukubola kwe-endothermic, usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane zokuhlakazeka okungcono.
• I-Aluminium hypophosphite (AHP)awu :5
• Ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokwakheka kwe-char, yehlisa ukulayishwa kwe-ATH.
• I-Zinc borate (ZnB): 3 umhl
• Ukucindezelwa kwentuthu nokunqanda ukuvutha.

Izithasiselo:

• I-ejenti yokuhlanganisa ye-Silane (KH-550, 1 phr, ithuthukisa isixhumi esibonakalayo se-ATH)
• I-silica evuthayo (imizuzu engu-8, i-reinforcement)
• Ukwelapha nge-peroxide (DCP, 1 phr)

Izici:

• Isamba sokulayishwa kwe-flame retardant ~ 58 phr, kodwa i-ATH ibusa ekusebenzeni kahle kwezindleko.
• Usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezincane ze-ATH unciphisa ukuncipha kwamandla okuqinile.

4. I-Standalone Aluminium Hypophosphite (AHP) System

Isicelo: UL94 V-1/V-2, noma lapho imithombo ye-nitrogen ingafuneki khona (isb, ukugwema amagwebu e-MCA kuphazamisa ukubukeka).

Ukwakhiwa Okunconyiwe:

• I-Base RubberI-VMQ (100 phr)
• I-Aluminium hypophosphite (AHP): 20-30 phr
• I-phosphorus ephezulu (40%); I-20 phr inikeza ~ 8% phosphorus ekubambezelekeni komlilo okuyisisekelo.
• Nge-UL94 V-0, yenyuka uye ku-30 ​​phr (ingakhinyabeza izakhiwo zokukhanda).
• I-Reinforcing Filler: I-silica (10–15 phr, igcina amandla)
• Izithasiselo: Amafutha e-silicone e-Hydroxyl (2 phr, ukucutshungulwa) + i-ejenti yokwelapha (i-Diperoxide noma uhlelo lweplatinamu).

Izici:

• Ithembele ekuncipheni komlilo wesigaba esijiyile (ukwakheka kwe-char), kuthuthukisa kakhulu i-LOI kodwa inomkhawulo olinganiselwe wokucindezela intuthu.
• Ukulayisha okuphezulu (>25 phr) kungase kuqinise okokusebenza; batusa ukungeza 3–5 phr ZnB ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezinhlamvu.

5. I-Aluminium Hypophosphite (AHP) + I-MCA Blend

Isicelo: UL94 V-0, ukulayisha okuphansi nge-gas-phase flame retardant synergy.

Ukwakhiwa Okunconyiwe:

• I-Base RubberI-VMQ (100 phr)
• I-Aluminium hypophosphite (AHP): 12-15 phr
• Umthombo we-phosphorus wokwakhiwa kwe-char.
• I-MCA: 8-10 phr
• Umthombo we-nitrogen we-PN synergy, ukhulula amagesi angasebenzi (isb, NH₃) ukucindezela ukusakazeka komlilo.
• I-Reinforcing FillerI-Silika (10 phr)
• Izithasiselo: I-ejenti yokuhlanganisa yeSilane (1 phr, insiza yokusabalalisa) + i-ejenti yokwelapha.

Izici:

• Isamba sokulayishwa kwe-flame retardant ~20–25 phr, ngaphansi kakhulu kune-AHP ezimele.
• I-MCA yehlisa imfuneko ye-AHP kodwa ingase ithinte obala kancane (sebenzisa i-nano-MCA uma kudingeka ukucaca).

Isifinyezo Sokwakhiwa Kwe-Flame Retardant

Izincomo Zokuhlola

1. Ukuhlolwa Okubalulekile: AHP + MCA (15+10 phr). Uma i-V-0 ifinyelelwa, yehlisa kancane kancane i-AHP (isb, 12+10 phr).
2. Ukuhlolwa okuzimele kwe-AHP: Qala ku-20 phr, khuphuka ngo-5 phr ukuze uhlole i-LOI ne-UL94, uqaphe izakhiwo zemishini.
3. Ukunciphisa Intuthu: Engeza i-3–5 phr ZnB kunoma yikuphi ukwakheka ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukulibaziseka komlilo.
4. Ukuthuthukisa Izindleko: Faka i-10–15 phr ATH ukuze unciphise izindleko, nakuba ukulayishwa kwesigcwalisi sengqikithi kukhuphuka.

Inqubo Yokuxuba Enconyiwe

(Ngenjoloba ye-silicone enezingxenye ezimbili)

1. I-Base Rubber Pre-treatment:

• Layisha irabha ye-silicone (isb, 107 gum, uwoyela we-vinyl silicone) kumxube weplanethi, i-degas ngaphansi kwevacuum uma kudingeka.

1. Ukwengezwa Okubuyiswa Kwamalangabi:

• Izinqamuleli zamalangabi ezinophuphu (isb., ATH, MH):
• Engeza kumaqoqo, hlanganisa ngaphambili nerabha eyisisekelo (ukuxuba okunesivinini esiphansi, 10–15 min) ukuze ugweme ukuhlanganisa.
• Yomisa ku-80-120°C uma kune-hygroscopic.
• Izinqamuleli zomlilo eziwuketshezi (isb., ama-phosphates):
• Hlanganisa ngqo namafutha e-silicone, i-crosslinker, njll., ngaphansi kwe-shear ephezulu (20-30 min).

1. Ezinye Izithasiselo:

• Faka ama-filler ngokulandelanayo (isb., i-silica), i-crosslinker (i-hydrosilane), i-catalyst (i-platinum), nama-inhibitors.

1. I-Homogenization:

• Yenza ngcono ukusabalalisa usebenzisa isigayo esinama-roll amathathu noma i-high-shear emulsifier (okubalulekile kuzithasiselo ze-nano njenge-CNTs).

1. I-Degassing & Filtration:

• I-vacuum degas (-0.095 MPa, 30 min), isihlungi sezidingo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu.

Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile

• Ukukhetha I-Flame Retardant:
• Ama-halogen-free retardants (isb., ATH) adinga usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezinhle (1–5 μm); ukulayisha ngokweqile kulimaza izakhiwo zemishini.
• Ama-retardants asuselwa ku-silicone (isb., ama-phenyl silicone resins) anikeza ukuhambisana okungcono kodwa ngezindleko eziphezulu.
• Ukulawulwa Kwenqubo:
• Izinga lokushisa ≤ 60°C (livimbela ubuthi be-platinum catalyst noma ukuphulukiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi).
• Umswakamo ≤ 50% RH (ugwema ukusabela phakathi kukawoyela we-hydroxyl silicone namalangabi abuyiswayo).

Isiphetho

• Ukukhiqiza Okuningi: Hlanganisa ngaphambili ama-flame retardants anerabha eyisisekelo ukuze usebenze kahle.
• Izidingo zokuzinza okuphezulu: Hlanganisa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa ukuze unciphise ubungozi besitoreji.
• I-Nano-Flame Retardant Systems: Ukuhlakazeka kwe-high-shear okuphoqelekile ukuvimbela ukuhlangana.

More info., pls contact lucy@taifeng-fr.com