Ukuhlaziywa kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kokwakhiwa Kwe-Flame-Retardant Yezingubo ze-PVC
Iklayenti lenza amatende e-PVC futhi lidinga ukufaka okokubamba ilangabi. Ifomula yamanje inezingxenye ezingu-60 ze-PVC resin, izingxenye ezingu-40 ze-TOTM, izingxenye ezingu-30 ze-aluminium hypophosphite (ezino-40% wokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus), izingxenye ezingu-10 ze-MCA, izingxenye ezingu-8 ze-zinc borate, kanye nama-dispersants. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwe-flame-retardant akubi, futhi ukuhlakazeka kwama-flame retardants nakho akwanele. Ngezansi ukuhlaziya izizathu kanye nokulungiswa okuhlongozwayo kufomula.
I. Izizathu Eziyinhloko Zokubambezeleka Kwelangabi Okubi
1. Isistimu Yokubuyiswa Kwelangabi Engalingani Nemiphumela Ebuthakathaka Ye-Synergistic
- I-aluminium hypophosphite eyeqile (izingxenye ezingama-30):
Nakuba i-aluminium hypophosphite iyi-phosphorus-based retardant esebenza ngempumelelo (40% okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus), ukwengeza ngokweqile (>25 izingxenye) kungaholela kulokhu: - Ukwanda okubukhali kwe-viscosity yesistimu, okwenza ukuhlakazeka kube nzima futhi kwakhiwe izindawo ezishisayo ezixubile ezisheshisa ukushiswa (“umphumela we-wick”).
- Ukuqina kwempahla okuncishisiwe kanye nezakhiwo zokwakha ifilimu eziphazamisekile ngenxa yokugcwalisa ngokweqile kwe-inorganic.
- Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-MCA (izingxenye eziyi-10):
I-MCA (i-nitrogen-based) ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-synergist. Uma umthamo udlula izingxenye ezi-5, ujwayele ukufudukela phezulu, ugcwale ukusebenza kahle kokuvimbela ilangabi futhi uphazamiseke nezinye izinto ezivimba amalangabi. - Ukushoda kwama-synergists abalulekile:
Nakuba i-zinc borate inemiphumela yokucindezela intuthu, ukungabikho kwe-antimony-based (isb, i-antimony trioxide) noma i-metal oxide (isb., i-aluminium hydroxide) kuvimbela ukwakheka kwesistimu ye-synergistic ye-"phosphorus-nitrogen-antimony", okuholela ekubambezelekeni kwelangabi legesi lesigaba esinganele.
2. Ukungafani Phakathi Kokukhethwa Kwe-Plasticizer kanye Nezinjongo Zokubuyiswa Kwelangabi
- I-TOTM (i-trioctyl trimellitate) inokubambezeleka komlilo okulinganiselwe:
I-TOTM idlula kahle kakhulu ekumelaneni nokushisa kodwa ayisebenzi kangako ekubambezelekeni komlilo uma iqhathaniswa nama-phosphate esters (isb, i-TOTP). Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibambezeleke amalangabi aphezulu njengezimbozwe zetende, i-TOTM ayikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamakhono anele okushaja nawokuvimbela umoya-mpilo. - I-plasticizer ephelele enganele (izingxenye ezingama-40 kuphela):
I-PVC resin ngokuvamile idinga izingxenye ezingu-60-75 ze-plasticizer ukuze kwenziwe ipulasitiki egcwele. Okuqukethwe kwe-plasticizer ephansi kuholela ekuncibilikeni okuphezulu, okuqhubekisela phambili izinkinga zokuhlakazeka kwe-flame retardant.
3. Uhlelo Olungasebenzi Lokuhlakazeka Oluholela Ekusabalaliseni Okungalingani Kwelangabi Lokubuyiswa Kwelangabi
- I-dispersant yamanje ingaba uhlobo lwenhloso evamile (isb., i-stearic acid noma i-PE wax), engasebenzi kuma-retardants amalangabi anomthwalo omkhulu (i-aluminium hypophosphite + zinc borate enezingxenye ezingu-48), okubangela:
- I-agglomeration yezinhlayiya ezibushela ilangabi, okudala izindawo ezibuthakathaka endaweni enamathelayo.
- Ukuncibilika okungalungile ngesikhathi sokucubungula, okukhiqiza ukushisa kwe-shear okubangela ukubola ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
4. Ukusebenzisana Kakuhle Phakathi Kwama-Flame Retardants kanye ne-PVC
- Izinto ezingaphili njenge-aluminium hypophosphite ne-zinc borate zinokuhluka okukhulu kwe-polarity nge-PVC. Ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwendawo (isb., ama-agent ahlanganisa i-silane), ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba kwenzeka, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-flame-retardant.
II. I-Core Design Indlela
1. Faka esikhundleni sePlasticizer Eyisisekelo nge-TOTP
- Sebenzisa ngokuhle kakhulu ukubambezeleka komlilo kwangaphakathi (okuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus ≈9%) kanye nomphumela we-plasticizing.
2. Lungiselela Izilinganiso Zokubuyiswa Kwelangabi kanye ne-Synergy
- Gcina i-aluminium hypophosphite njengomthombo we-phosphorus oyinhloko kodwa yehlisa kakhulu umthamo wayo ukuze uthuthukise ukuhlakazeka futhi unciphise "umphumela we-wick."
- Gcina i-zinc borate njenge-synergist eyinhloko (ekhuthaza ukusha nokucindezelwa kwentuthu).
- Gcina i-MCA njenge-nitrogen synergist kodwa yehlisa umthamo wayo ukuze uvimbele ukufuduka.
- NgenisaI-ultrafine aluminium hydroxide (ATH)njengengxenye yemisebenzi eminingi:
- Ukuncipha komlilo:Ukubola kwe-Endothermic (ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni), ukupholisa, kanye nokuhlanjululwa kwamagesi avuthayo.
- Ukunciphisa intuthu:Yehlisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwentuthu.
- Isigcwalisi:Yehlisa izindleko (uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-flame retardants).
- Ukuhlakazeka nokugeleza okuthuthukisiwe (ibanga le-ultrafine):Kulula ukusabalalisa kune-ATH evamile, ukunciphisa ukukhuphuka kwe-viscosity.
3. Izixazululo Eziqinile Zezinkinga Zokuhlakazeka
- Khulisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-plasticizer:Qinisekisa ipulasitiki egcwele ye-PVC futhi unciphise i-viscosity yesistimu.
- Sebenzisa ama-super-dispersants asebenza kahle kakhulu:Idizayinelwe ngokukhethekile izimpushana ezingaphili ezilayisha kakhulu, ezihlanganiswe kalula (i-aluminium hypophosphite, i-ATH).
- Lungiselela ukucubungula (ukuxuba kwangaphambili kubalulekile):Qinisekisa ukumanzisa okuphelele nokuhlakazeka kwama-flame retardants.
4. Qinisekisa Ukuzinza Kokucubungula Okuyisisekelo
- Engeza iziqinisi ukushisa ezanele kanye nezinto zokugcoba ezifanele.
III. Ifomula ebuyekeziwe ye-PVC ye-Flame-Retardant
| Isakhi | Uhlobo/Umsebenzi | Izingxenye Ezinconyiwe | Amanothi/Amaphuzu Okwenza ngcono |
| I-PVC resin | Isisekelo se-resin | 100 | - |
| I-TOTP | I-plasticizer ebamba amalangabi eyinhloko (umthombo we-P) | 65–75 | Ushintsho olubalulekile!Inikeza ukuhlehla kwe-intrinsic flame retadancy kanye ne-plasticization ebalulekile. Umthamo omkhulu uqinisekisa ukuncishiswa kwe-viscosity. |
| I-aluminium hypophosphite | I-phosphorus retardant eyinhloko (umthombo we-asidi) | 15–20 | Umthamo wehliswe kakhulu!Igcina indima eyinhloko ye-phosphorus ngenkathi yehlisa i-viscosity nezindaba zokuhlakazeka. |
| Inani eliphakeme kakhulu lama-ATH | Isigcwalisi esingavimbezeli ilangabi/isicindezeli intuthu/i-endothermic | 25–35 | Ukwengezwa okubalulekile!Khetha i-ultrafine (D50=1–2µm), amamaki enziwe phezulu (isb, i-silane). Inikeza ukupholisa, ukucindezelwa kwentuthu, nokugcwalisa. Idinga ukuhlakazeka okuqinile. |
| I-Zinc borate | I-Synergist/umcindezeli wentuthu/umgqugquzeli we-char | 8–12 | Kugciniwe. Isebenza no-P no-Al ukuthuthukisa ukushaja nokucindezelwa kwentuthu. |
| I-MCA | I-nitrogen synergist (umthombo wegesi) | 4–6 | Umthamo wehliswe kakhulu!Isetshenziswa kuphela njengomthombo we-nitrogen osizayo ukugwema ukufuduka. |
| Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-super-dispersant | Isengezo esibucayi | 3.0–4.0 | Okunconyiwe: i-polyester, i-polyurethane, noma izinhlobo ze-polyacrylate ezilungisiwe (isb, i-BYK-163, i-TEGO Dispers 655, i-Efka 4010, noma i-SP-1082 yasekhaya). Umthamo kumele wanele! |
| I-stabilizer yokushisa | Ivimbela ukuwohloka ngesikhathi sokucubungula | 3.0–5.0 | Ncoma ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwezinzinzisi eziyinhlanganisela ye-Ca/Zn (eco-friendly). Lungisa umthamo ngokusekelwe emsebenzini kanye nezinga lokushisa lokucubungula. |
| I-Lubricant (yangaphakathi/yangaphandle) | Ithuthukisa ukugeleza kokucubungula, ivimbela ukunamathela | 1.0–2.0 | Inhlanganisela ephakanyisiwe: |
| Ezinye izithasiselo (isb, ama-antioxidants, ama-UV stabilizers) | Njengoba kudingeka | - | Ngokusebenzisa itende langaphandle, ncoma kakhulu iziqinisi ze-UV (isb, i-benzotriazole, izingxenye ezi-1-2) kanye nama-antioxidants (isb, 1010, izingxenye ezingu-0.3-0.5). |
IV. Amanothi Efomula Namaphuzu Abalulekile
1. I-TOTP yi-Core Foundation
- 65-75 izingxenyeiqinisekisa:
- Ipulasitiki egcwele: I-PVC idinga i-plasticizer eyanele yokwenza ifilimu ethambile, eqhubekayo.
- Ukuncishiswa kwe-viscosity: Kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusakazeka komthwalo ophezulu we-inorganic flame retardants.
- I-Intrinsic flame retadancy: I-TOTP ngokwayo iyiplasitiki ebamba amalangabi esebenza kahle kakhulu.
2. I-Synergy ye-Flame Retardant
- I-PNB-Al synergy:I-Aluminium hypophosphite (P) + MCA (N) inikeza isisekelo se-PN synergy. I-Zinc borate (B, Zn) ithuthukisa ukusha nokucindezelwa kwentuthu. I-Ultrafine ATH (Al) inikeza ukupholisa kwe-endothermic okukhulu nokucindezelwa kwentuthu. I-TOTP nayo inikela nge-phosphorus. Lokhu kudala isistimu ye-synergistic yezinto eziningi.
- Umsebenzi we-ATH:Izingxenye ezingama-25–35 ze-ATH ene-ultrafine zinomthelela omkhulu ekubambezelekeni komlilo kanye nokucindezelwa kwentuthu. Ukubola kwayo kwe-endothermic kubamba ukushisa, kuyilapho umhwamuko wamanzi okhishiwe ukhulula umoya-mpilo kanye namagesi avuthayo.I-Ultrafine ne-ATH yokwelashwa okungaphezulu ibalulekileukunciphisa umthelela we-viscosity nokuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kwe-PVC.
- I-aluminium hypophosphite eyehlisiwe:Kwehliswa kusuka ezingxenyeni ezingama-30 kuye kweziyi-15-20 ukuze kwehliswe umthwalo wesistimu ngenkathi kugcinwa umnikelo we-phosphorus.
- I-MCA Encishisiwe:Kwehliswa kusuka ezingxenyeni eziyi-10 kuye kwezi-4-6 ukuvimbela ukufuduka.
3. Isixazululo Sokusabalalisa - Sibalulekile Ukuze Uphumelele
- I-Super-dispersant (izingxenye ezi-3–4):Ibalulekile ekuphatheni umthwalo ophezulu (izingxenye ezingu-50-70 seziphelele zokugcwalisa i-inorganic!), isistimu okunzima ukuyihlakaza (i-aluminium hypophosphite + ultrafine ATH + zinc borate).Izisabalalisi ezivamile (isb., i-calcium stearate, i-PE wax) azanele!Tshala imali kuma-super-dispersants asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi usebenzise amanani anele.
- Okuqukethwe kwepulasitiki (izingxenye ezingama-65-75):Njengoba ngenhla, inciphisa i-viscosity iyonke, idale indawo engcono yokuhlakazeka.
- Amafutha (izingxenye ezi-1-2):Inhlanganisela yamafutha okugcoba angaphakathi / angaphandle iqinisekisa ukugeleza okuhle ngesikhathi sokuxuba nokugqoka, ukuvimbela ukunamathela.
4. Ukucutshungulwa - Iphrothokholi Eqinile Yokuhlanganisa Ngaphambi Kokuqala
- Isinyathelo 1 (Dry-mix inorganic powders):
- Engeza i-aluminium hypophosphite, i-ultrafine ATH, i-zinc borate, i-MCA, nazo zonke i-super-dispersant kumxube wesivinini esikhulu.
- Hlanganisa ku-80-90 ° C imizuzu engu-8-10. Umgomo: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-super-dispersant igqoka ngokugcwele inhlayiya ngayinye, ama-agglomerate aphula.Isikhathi nezinga lokushisa kubalulekile!
- Isinyathelo sesi-2 (Ukwakheka kwe-slurry):
- Engeza ingxenye enkulu ye-TOTP (isb, 70–80%), zonke iziqinisi ukushisa, nezinto zokugcoba zangaphakathi enhlanganisweni kusukela kuSinyathelo soku-1.
- Hlanganisa ku-90-100 ° C imizuzu engu-5-7 ukuze wakhe umfaniswano, udaka olunqamula ilangabi olugelezayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi izimpushana zimanziswa ngokugcwele ngamapulasitiki.
- Isinyathelo sesi-3 (Engeza i-PVC nezinye izingxenye ezisele):
- Engeza i-PVC resin, i-TOTP esele, izithambisi zangaphandle (kanye neziqinisi zokulwa ne-antioxidant/UV, uma zengezwe kulesi sigaba).
- Hlanganisa ku-100-110 ° C imizuzu engu-7-10 uze ufinyelele "iphuzu elomile" (eligeleza mahhala, alikho i-clumps).Gwema ukuxutshwa ngokweqile ukuze uvimbele ukuwohloka kwe-PVC.
- Ukupholisa:Khipha futhi upholise ingxube ibe ngaphansi kuka-50°C ukuze uvimbele ukuqumba.
5. Ukucubungula Okulandelayo
- Sebenzisa inhlanganisela eyomile epholile ukuze uthole i-calendering noma ukugqoka.
- Lawula izinga lokushisa lokucubungula ngokuqinile (izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo elituswayo ≤170–175°C) ukuze ugweme ukwehluleka kwezinzisi noma ukubola ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezinqamuleli zomlilo (isb, i-ATH).
V. Imiphumela Elindelwe Nezinyathelo Zokuqapha
- Ukuncipha komlilo:Uma kuqhathaniswa nefomula yasekuqaleni (TOTM + high aluminium hypophosphite/MCA), le fomula ebuyekeziwe (TOTP + optimized P/N/B/Al ratios) kufanele ithuthukise kakhulu ukulibaziseka komlilo, ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni kokusha okuqondile kanye nokucindezelwa kwentuthu. Izindinganiso eziqondiwe njenge-CPAI-84 zamatende. Ukuhlolwa okubalulekile: ASTM D6413 (ukushiswa okuqondile).
- Ukuhlakazeka:I-Super-dispersant + high plasticizer + optimized pre-mixing kufanele ithuthukise kakhulu ukuhlakazeka, yehlise i-agglomeration futhi ithuthukise ukufana kokunamathela.
- Ukuqhubekela phambili:I-TOTP eyanele kanye nezinto zokugcoba kufanele ziqinisekise ukucubungula okushelelayo, kodwa ziqaphe i-viscosity nokunamathela ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kwangempela.
- Izindleko:I-TOTP nama-super-dispersants ayabiza, kodwa ancishisiwe i-aluminium hypophosphite kanye ne-MCA kunciphisa izindleko ezithile. I-ATH ibiza kancane.
Izikhumbuzi Ezibalulekile:
- Izivivinyo ezincane kuqala!Hlola elebhu futhi ulungise ngokusekelwe ezintweni zangempela (ikakhulukazi i-ATH nokusebenza kwe-super-dispersant) namathuluzi.
- Ukukhetha okubalulekile:
- I-ATH:Kumelwe kusetshenziswe i-ultrafine (D50 ≤2µm), amamaki enziwe phezulu (isb, i-silane). Xhumana nabahlinzeki ngezincomo ezihambisana ne-PVC.
- Ama-Super-dispersants:Kumele kusetshenziswe izinhlobo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Yazisa abahlinzeki ngohlelo lokusebenza (i-PVC, izigcwalisi ze-inorganic ezinomthwalo omkhulu, ukubuyiswa komlilo okungenawo i-halogen).
- I-TOTP:Qinisekisa ikhwalithi ephezulu.
- Ukuhlola:Yenza izivivinyo ezinzima zokulibaziseka komlilo ngokwezinga ngalinye eliqondiwe. Futhi hlola ukuguga/ukumelana namanzi (okubalulekile kumatende angaphandle!). Ama-UV stabilizer nama-antioxidants abalulekile.
More info., pls contact lucy@taifeng-fr.com
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-25-2025
