Ama-flame retardants asekelwe ku-Phosphorus awuhlobo lwezidakamizwa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezinokwethenjelwa, nezisetshenziswa kabanzi ezithole ukunakwa okubalulekile kubacwaningi. Impumelelo emangalisayo yenziwe ekuhlanganiseni nasekusetshenzisweni kwayo.
1. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants ku-PP
Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo ze-polypropylene (PP) zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo kwezimboni. Kodwa-ke, inkomba yayo ye-oxygen elinganiselwe (LOI) icishe ibe ngu-17.5% kuphela, okuyenza ivuthe kakhulu ngezinga lokusha ngokushesha. Inani lezinto ze-PP ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni kuthonywa kokubili ukuncipha komlilo kanye nezakhiwo ezibonakalayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-microencapsulation kanye nokuguqulwa kwendawo sekuphenduke izitayela eziyinhloko ezintweni ze-PP ezibamba ilangabi.
Isibonelo 1: I-Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) elungiswe nge-ejenti yokuhlanganisa i-silane (KH-550) kanye nesisombululo se-silicone resin ethanol sisetshenziswe ezintweni ze-PP. Lapho ingxenye enkulu ye-APP eguquliwe ifinyelela ku-22%, i-LOI yezinto ikhuphuke yafika ku-30.5%, kuyilapho izakhiwo zayo zokusebenza nazo zihlangabezana nezidingo kanye nezinto ezisebenza kahle ze-PP ezishiywe yilangabi nge-APP engalungiswanga.
Isibonelo sesi-2: I-APP ifakwe kugobolondo elakhiwe i-melamine (MEL), uwoyela we-silicone we-hydroxyl, ne-formaldehyde resin nge-in-situ polymerization. Ama-microcapsules abe esehlanganiswa ne-pentaerythritol futhi asetshenziswa ezintweni ze-PP zokunciphisa ilangabi. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zibonise ukuncipha kwelangabi okuhle kakhulu, nge-LOI engu-32% kanye nesilinganiso sokuhlola sokuvutha esiqondile esingu-UL94 V-0. Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa kokucwiliswa emanzini ashisayo, inhlanganisela igcine ukungasebenzi kahle kwelangabi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.
Isibonelo sesi-3: I-APP yalungiswa ngokuyimboza nge-aluminium hydroxide (ATH), futhi i-APP eshintshiwe yahlanganiswa ne-dipentaerythritol ngesilinganiso sesisindo esingu-2.5:1 ukuze sisetshenziswe ezintweni ze-PP. Lapho inani eliphelele lengxenyana ye-flame retardant ingu-25%, i-LOI yafinyelela ku-31.8%, ukulinganiswa kwe-flame retardancy kufinyelelwe ku-V-0, futhi izinga lokukhishwa kokushisa eliphakeme lancipha kakhulu.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants ku-PS
I-Polystyrene (PS) ivutha kakhulu futhi iyaqhubeka nokuvutha ngemva kokususwa komthombo wokuthungela. Ukuze kubhekwane nezindaba ezinjengokukhishwa kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokusabalala kwelangabi elisheshayo, i-halogen-free phosphorus-based retardants ye-flame retardants idlala indima ebalulekile ku-PS flame retardancy. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokunqanda amalangabi ze-PS zifaka ukunamathela, ukumilisa, ukuxubha, kanye nokubuyiswa komlilo kwesiteji se-polymerization.
Isibonelo 1: Okunamathelisa okune-phosphorus-retardant ye-PS enwebekayo kwahlanganiswa ngendlela ye-sol-gel kusetshenziswa i-N-β-(aminoethyl) -γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane ne-phosphoric acid. Igwebu le-PS elivimbela amalangabi lalungiswa kusetshenziswa indlela yokumboza. Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula i-700 ° C, igwebu le-PS eliphathwe nge-adhesive lakha ungqimba lwe-char oludlula u-49%.
Abacwaningi emhlabeni wonke bethule izakhiwo ezivimba ilangabi ezine-phosphorus zibe izinhlanganisela ze-vinyl noma ze-acrylic, ezibe sezihlanganiswa nge-styrene ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-styrene copolymers anoveli aqukethe i-phosphorus. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PS ehlanzekile, ama-styrene copolymers aqukethe i-phosphorus abonisa i-LOI ethuthuke kakhulu nezinsalela ze-char, okubonisa ukuzinza okuphakeme kokushisa kanye nokubambezeleka komlilo.
Isibonelo sesi-2: I-vinyl-terinated oligomeric phosphate hybrid macromonomer (VOPP) yaxhunyelelwa ochungechungeni oluyinhloko lwe-PS nge-graft copolymerization. I-graft copolymer ibonise ukuncipha kwelangabi ngomshini wesigaba esiqinile. Njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-VOPP kwanda, i-LOI yaphakama, izinga eliphakeme lokukhishwa kokushisa kanye nokukhululwa kokushisa okuphelele kwehla, kanye nokuconsa okuncibilikayo kwanyamalala, okubonisa imiphumela ebalulekile ebambezela ilangabi.
Ukwengeza, ama-inorganic-based flame retardants angaxhunyaniswa ngamakhemikhali nama-graphite noma ama-nitrogen-based flame retardants ukuze asetshenziswe ku-PS flame retardancy. Izindlela zokumboza noma zokuxubha nazo zingase zisetshenziswe ukuze kufakwe izinqamuleli zomlilo ezisekelwe ku-phosphorus ku-PS, kuthuthukiswe kakhulu i-LOI yezinto ezibonakalayo nezinsalela ze-char.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants e-PA
I-Polyamide (PA) ivutha kakhulu futhi ikhiqiza intuthu enkulu ngesikhathi sokusha. Njengoba i-PA isetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi namathuluzi, ubungozi bezingozi zomlilo bukhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yesakhiwo se-amide ochungechungeni lwayo oluyinhloko, i-PA ingakwazi ukuvinjelwa amalangabi kusetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngazo zombili izinqamuleli zamalangabi ezingeziwe nezisebenzayo ezibonakala zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Phakathi kwama-PA avimba amalangabi, ama-alkyl phosphinate salts asetshenziswa kakhulu.
Isibonelo 1: I-Aluminium isobutylphosphinate (A-MBPa) yengezwe ku-PA6 matrix ukuze kulungiswe into eyinhlanganisela. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuncipha komlilo, i-A-MBPa yabola ngaphambi kwe-PA6, kwakheka isendlalelo se-char esiminyene nesizinzile esivikele i-PA6. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zizuze i-LOI engu-26.4% kanye nesilinganiso sokuncipha komlilo se-V-0.
Isibonelo sesi-2: Ngesikhathi se-polymerization ye-hexamethylenediamine ne-adipic acid, u-3 wt% we-flame retardant bis(2-carboxyethyl)methylphosphine oxide (CEMPO) yengezwe ukuze kukhiqizwe i-PA66 evimbela ilangabi. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi i-PA66 ebambezela ilangabi ibonise ukuncipha komlilo okuphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PA66 evamile, ene-LOI ephakeme kakhulu. Ukuhlaziywa kongqimba lwe-char kwembule ukuthi indawo ecinene ye-char ye-PA66 evimba amalangabi iqukethe izimbotshana ezinosayizi abahlukahlukene, osize ukuhlukanisa ukushisa nokudluliswa kwegesi, okubonisa ukusebenza okuqaphelekayo kokumelana nomlilo.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-15-2025
