Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezisekelwe ku-phosphorus ziwuhlobo lwezinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezithembekile, nezisetshenziswa kabanzi eziye zathola ukunakwa okukhulu kubacwaningi. Kuye kwaba nempumelelo emangalisayo ekuhlanganisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwazo.
1. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezivimbela Umlilo Ezisekelwe Ku-Phosphorus ku-PP
Izakhiwo zomzimba ze-polypropylene (PP) zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwezimboni. Kodwa-ke, inkomba yayo yomoya-mpilo elinganiselwe (i-LOI) icishe ibe ngu-17.5% kuphela, okwenza ivuthe kakhulu ngesivinini sokusha okusheshayo. Inani lezinto ze-PP ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni lithonywa kokubili ukuvinjelwa komlilo kanye nezakhiwo zazo zomzimba. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-microencapsulation kanye nokuguqulwa kobuso kube yizindlela eziyinhloko zezinto ze-PP ezivimbela umlilo.
Isibonelo 1: I-Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) eguquliwe nge-silane coupling agent (KH-550) kanye nesisombululo se-silicone resin ethanol sasetshenziswa ezintweni ze-PP. Lapho ingxenye enkulu ye-APP eguquliwe ifinyelela ku-22%, i-LOI yezinto zokwakha yanda yaya ku-30.5%, kuyilapho izakhiwo zayo zomshini nazo zihlangabezana nezidingo futhi zadlula izinto ze-PP ezishiswe yilanga nge-APP engaguquliwe.
Isibonelo 2: I-APP yafakwa egobolondweni elakhiwe nge-melamine (MEL), uwoyela we-hydroxyl silicone, kanye ne-formaldehyde resin nge-polymerization ye-in-situ. Ama-microcapsule abe esehlanganiswa ne-pentaerythritol futhi asetshenziswa ezintweni ze-PP ukuze kuncishiswe ilangabi. Izinto zabonisa uncishiso oluhle kakhulu lwelangabi, nge-LOI engu-32% kanye nesilinganiso sokuhlolwa kokushiswa okuqondile esingu-UL94 V-0. Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa kokucwiliswa emanzini ashisayo, inhlanganisela yagcina uncishiso oluhle lwelangabi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.
Isibonelo 3: I-APP yashintshwa ngokuyimboza nge-aluminium hydroxide (ATH), kanti i-APP eshintshwayo yahlanganiswa ne-dipentaerythritol ngesilinganiso sobuningi esingu-2.5:1 ukuze isetshenziswe ezintweni ze-PP. Lapho ingxenye yesisindo iyonke ye-flame retardant yayingu-25%, i-LOI yafinyelela ku-31.8%, isilinganiso sokunciphisa ilangabi safinyelela ku-V-0, kanti izinga lokukhishwa kokushisa eliphakeme lancishiswa kakhulu.
2. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezivimbela Umlilo Ezisekelwe Ku-Phosphorus ku-PS
I-Polystyrene (PS) ivutha kakhulu futhi iyaqhubeka nokusha ngemva kokususwa komthombo wokushisa. Ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezifana nokukhishwa kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokusabalala komlilo okusheshayo, izinto ezivimbela umlilo ezisekelwe ku-halogen ezingenayo i-phosphorus zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni umlilo kwe-PS. Izindlela ezivamile zokuvimbela umlilo ze-PS zifaka phakathi ukumboza, ukufaka i-impregnation, ukuxubha, kanye nokuvimbela umlilo esigabeni se-polymerization.
Isibonelo 1: I-glue equkethe i-phosphorus evimbela ilangabi ye-PS enwebekayo yakhiwe ngendlela ye-sol-gel kusetshenziswa i-N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane kanye ne-phosphoric acid. I-foam ye-PS evimbela ilangabi yalungiswa kusetshenziswa indlela yokumboza. Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula i-700°C, i-foam ye-PS ephathwe nge-glue yakha ungqimba lwe-char oludlula i-49%.
Abacwaningi emhlabeni wonke bangenise izakhiwo ezivimbela ilangabi eziqukethe i-phosphorus kuma-vinyl noma ama-acrylic compounds, abese ehlanganiswa ne-styrene ukuze akhiqize ama-copolymer amasha aqukethe i-phosphorus. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PS emsulwa, ama-copolymer e-styrene aqukethe i-phosphorus abonisa i-LOI kanye ne-char residue ethuthukisiwe kakhulu, okubonisa ukuzinza okuphezulu kokushisa kanye nokuvinjelwa komlilo.
Isibonelo 2: I-vinyl-terminated oligomeric phosphate hybrid macromonomer (VOPP) yaxhunyelelwa kuchungechunge oluyinhloko lwe-PS nge-graft copolymerization. I-graft copolymer yabonisa ukubambezeleka komlilo ngokusebenzisa indlela yesigaba esiqinile. Njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-VOPP kwanda, i-LOI yanda, izinga lokukhishwa kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokukhishwa kokushisa okuphelele kwehla, futhi ukuncibilika kokuncibilika kwanyamalala, okubonisa imiphumela ebalulekile yokuvimbela ilangabi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezisekelwe ku-phosphorus ezingaphili zingaxhunyaniswa ngamakhemikhali nezinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezisekelwe ku-graphite noma ku-nitrogen ukuze zisetshenziswe ekuvimbeleni ilangabi kwe-PS. Izindlela zokumboza noma zokuxubha zingasetshenziswa futhi ukufaka izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezisekelwe ku-phosphorus ku-PS, okuthuthukisa kakhulu i-LOI kanye ne-char residue yezinto.
3. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezivimbela Umlilo Ezisekelwe Ku-Phosphorus e-PA
I-Polyamide (PA) ivutha kalula futhi ikhiqiza intuthu enkulu ngesikhathi sokusha. Njengoba i-PA isetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi nasemishinini, ingozi yezingozi zomlilo inkulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yesakhiwo se-amide eketangeni layo eliyinhloko, i-PA ingavinjelwa ilangabi kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, kokubili okungeziwe kanye nokuvinjelwa komlilo okusabelayo okubonakala kusebenza kakhulu. Phakathi kwama-PA avinjelwa ilangabi, usawoti we-alkyl phosphinate yiwona osetshenziswa kakhulu.
Isibonelo 1: I-aluminum isobutylphosphinate (A-MBPa) yengezwe ku-matrix ye-PA6 ukuze kulungiselelwe izinto ezihlanganisiwe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuvinjelwa komlilo, i-A-MBPa yabola ngaphambi kwe-PA6, yakha ungqimba lwe-char oluqinile noluqinile olwaluvikela i-PA6. Izinto zathola i-LOI engu-26.4% kanye nesilinganiso sokuvinjelwa komlilo esingu-V-0.
Isibonelo 2: Ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwe-polymerization ye-hexamethylenediamine kanye ne-adipic acid, kwanezelwa u-3 wt% we-bis(2-carboxyethyl)methylphosphine oxide (CEMPO) ukuze kukhiqizwe i-PA66 evimbela ilangabi. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi i-PA66 evimbela ilangabi ibonise ukuvimbela ilangabi okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-PA66 evamile, ene-LOI ephezulu kakhulu. Ukuhlaziywa kwesendlalelo se-char kwembule ukuthi ubuso be-char obukhulu be-PA66 evimbela ilangabi buqukethe izikhala ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, okwasiza ekuhlukaniseni ukudluliselwa kokushisa negesi, okubonisa ukusebenza okuphawulekayo kokuvimbela ilangabi.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-15-2025
