Inqubo Yokuncibilikisa Nokuhlakazeka Kwezinto Ezivimbela Umlilo Eziqinile Kuhlelo Lokunamathela lwe-Polyurethane AB

Inqubo Yokuncibilikisa Nokuhlakazeka Kwezinto Ezivimbela Umlilo Eziqinile Kuhlelo Lokunamathela lwe-Polyurethane AB

Ukuze kuncibilikiswe/kuhlakazwe izinto ezigcina ilangabi eziqinile njenge-aluminium hypophosphite (AHP), i-aluminium hydroxide (ATH), i-zinc borate, kanye ne-melamine cyanurate (MCA) ohlelweni lokunamathela lwe-polyurethane AB, izinyathelo ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi ukwelashwa kwangaphambili, ukuhlakazeka kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, kanye nokulawula umswakama okuqinile. Ngezansi inqubo eningiliziwe (yezinto ezigcina ilangabi kakhulu; ezinye izinto zingalungiswa ngokufanele).

I. Izimiso Eziyinhloko

1. “Ukuncibilika” empeleni kuwukuhlakazeka: Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi eliqinile kumele zihlakazwe ngokulinganayo ku-polyol (i-A-component) ukuze zakhe ukumiswa okuzinzile.
2. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwezinto ezivimbela ilangabi: Bhekana nezinkinga zokumuncwa komswakama, ukuhlangana, kanye nokusabela kabusha ngama-isocyanate.
3. Ukwengeza kancane kancane: Engeza izinto ngokulandelana kobukhulu kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya ukuze ugweme ukugxila okuphezulu endaweni.
4. Ukulawulwa okuqinile komswakama: Amanzi adla i-isocyanate (-NCO) engxenyeni ye-B, okuholela ekungaphelelini kahle.

II. Inqubo Yokusebenza Eningiliziwe (Isekelwe kuzingxenye eziyi-100 ze-polyol ku-A-component)

Isinyathelo 1: Ukwelashwa Kwangaphambi Kokushisa Okungalawuli (amahora angu-24 kusengaphambili)

• I-Aluminium Hypophosphite (AHP, izingxenye eziyi-10):
  • Ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-ejenti yokuhlanganisa i-silane (KH-550) noma i-ejenti yokuhlanganisa i-titanate (NDZ-201):
    • Hlanganisa izingxenye ezingu-0.5 ze-coupling agent + izingxenye ezimbili ze-anhydrous ethanol, uvuselele imizuzu eyi-10 ukuze i-hydrolysis ingasebenzi.
    • Faka i-AHP powder bese uvuselela ngesivinini esikhulu (1000 rpm) imizuzu engama-20.
    • Yomisa kuhhavini ku-80°C amahora ama-2, bese uyigcina ivaliwe.
• I-Aluminium Hydroxide (ATH, izingxenye ezingu-25):
  • Sebenzisa i-ATH enobukhulu obungaphansi kwe-micron, eguquliwe nge-silane (isb., i-Wandu WD-WF-20). Uma ingaguquliwe, phatha ngendlela efanayo ne-AHP.
• I-MCA (izingxenye ezi-6) kanye ne-Zinc Borate (izingxenye ezi-4):
  • Yomisa ku-60°C amahora ama-4 ukuze ususe umswakama, bese usula isikrini esine-mesh engu-300.

Isinyathelo 2: Inqubo Yokuhlakazeka Kwe-A-Component (Polyol Side)

1. Ukuxuba Okuyisisekelo:
   • Engeza izingxenye eziyi-100 ze-polyol (isb., i-polyether polyol PPG) esitsheni esomile.
   • Engeza izingxenye ezingu-0.3 ze-polysiloxane leveling agent (isb., BYK-333).
2. Ukusabalala Kwangaphambi Kokushesha Okuphansi:
   • Engeza izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ngokulandelana: ATH (izingxenye ezingu-25) → AHP (izingxenye ezingu-10) → i-zinc borate (izingxenye ezingu-4) → i-MCA (izingxenye ezingu-6).
   • Hlanganisa ku-300-500 rpm imizuzu eyi-10 kuze kube yilapho kungekho mpuphu owomile osele.
3. Ukusabalala Okukhulu:
   • Shintshela kumshini wokusabalalisa onesivinini esikhulu (≥1500 rpm) imizuzu engama-30.
   • Izinga lokushisa lokulawula ≤50°C (ukuvimbela ukushiswa kwe-polyol).
4. Ukugaya Nokucwengisisa (Okubalulekile!):
   • Dlula esigayweni esinezimbobo ezintathu noma esigayweni sesihlabathi izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kuze kube yilapho sicwebezela ≤30μm (sivivinywe nge-Hegman gauge).
5. Ukulungiswa Nokuhlanekezela Kwe-Viscosity:
   • Engeza izingxenye ezingu-0.5 ze-silica efumile engangeni manzi (i-Aerosil R202) ukuze uvimbele ukuqina.
   • Engeza izingxenye ezingu-0.2 ze-silicone defoamer (isib., i-Tego Airex 900).
   • Hlanganisa ku-200 rpm imizuzu eyi-15 ukuze ususe igesi.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukwelashwa kwe-B-Component (Isocyanate Side)

• Faka izingxenye ezingu-4-6 zesihlungi sama-molecule (isb., i-Zeochem 3A) ku-B-component (isb., i-MDI prepolymer) ukuze kufakwe umswakama.
• Uma usebenzisa izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ze-phosphorus (inketho ye-low viscosity), hlanganisa ngqo ku-B-component bese uvuselela imizuzu eyi-10.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukuxuba Nokuphulukisa Izingxenye ze-AB

• Isilinganiso sokuxuba: Landela umklamo wokuqala we-AB adhesive (isb., A:B = 100:50).
• Inqubo yokuxuba:
  • Sebenzisa i-planetary mixer enezingxenye ezimbili noma i-static mixing tube.
  • Hlanganisa imizuzu emi-2-3 kuze kube yilapho ifana (akukho ukubopha).
• Izimo zokuphulukisa:
  • Ukushisa kwegumbi: amahora angama-24 (kwandiswe ngo-30% ngenxa yokumuncwa kokushisa okuvimbela ilangabi).
  • Ukwelashwa okusheshayo: 60°C/amahora ama-2 (qinisekisa imiphumela engenama-bubble).

III. Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okulawula Inqubo

IV. Izindlela Zokuhlakaza Ezihlukile (Ngaphandle Kwemishini Yokugaya)

1. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kokugaya ibhola:
   • Hlanganisa izinto ezivimbela ilangabi kanye ne-polyol ngesilinganiso esingu-1:1, faka i-ball mill amahora ama-4 (amabhola e-zirconia, usayizi ongu-2mm).
2. Indlela ye-Masterbatch:
   • Lungisa i-masterbatch engu-50% evimbela ilangabi (i-polyol njengesithwali), bese uyixuba ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
3. Ukusabalala kwe-Ultrasonic:
   • Faka i-ultrasonication (20kHz, 500W, imizuzu eyi-10) ku-slurry exutshwe kusengaphambili (efanele amaqoqo amancane).

V. Izincomo Zokusebenzisa

1. Ukuhlolwa okuncane kuqala: Hlola nge-100g ye-A-component, ugxile ekuqineni kwe-viscosity (ushintsho lwamahora angu-24 <10%) kanye nesivinini sokuqina.
2. Umthetho wokulandelana kokungezwa kwe-flame retardant:
   • “Okunzima kuqala, okulula kamuva; okuhle kuqala, okuqinile kamuva” → ATH (okunzima) → AHP (okuncane) → i-zinc borate (ephakathi nendawo) → i-MCA (elula/eqinile).
3. Ukuxazulula izinkinga eziphuthumayo:
   • Ukwanda kwe-viscosity okungazelelwe: Engeza i-0.5% propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA) ukuze uyinciphise.
   • Ukungawoli kahle: Engeza i-5% MDI eguquliwe (isb., i-Wanhua PM-200) engxenyeni ye-B.