Ukwakheka kwe-XPS okubizwa nge-Halogen kanye ne-Halogen-Free Flame Retardant

Ibhodi le-polystyrene elinwetshiwe (i-XPS) liyinto esetshenziswa kabanzi ekufakweni kwesakhiwo, futhi izakhiwo zalo ezivimbela umlilo zibalulekile ekuphepheni kwesakhiwo. Ukwakheka kwezakhiwo zezinto ezivimbela umlilo ze-XPS kudinga ukucatshangelwa okubanzi kokusebenza kahle kwezinto ezivimbela umlilo, ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, izindleko, kanye nezidingo zemvelo. Ngezansi umklamo oningiliziwe kanye nencazelo yezakhiwo ezivimbela umlilo ze-XPS, ezihlanganisa izixazululo ze-halogenated kanye ne-halogen-free flame retardant.

1. Izimiso Zokuklama Ze-XPS Flame Retardant Formulations

Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-XPS yi-polystyrene (PS), futhi ukuguqulwa kwayo okuvimbela umlilo kufezwa ngokuyinhloko ngokufaka okuvimbela umlilo. Umklamo wokwakheka kufanele uhambisane nezimiso ezilandelayo:

• Ukuphelelwa amandla komlilo okuphezulu: Hlangana nezindinganiso zokuvimbela umlilo zezinto zokwakha (isib. GB 8624-2012).
• Ukusebenza kokucubungula: Isivimbeli somlilo akufanele sithinte kakhulu inqubo yokugqwala nokubumba kwe-XPS.
• Ubungane bemvelo: Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezingenayo i-halogen kufanele zibekwe phambili ukuze zihambisane nemithethonqubo yezemvelo.
• Ukulawulwa kwezindleko: Nciphisa izindleko ngenkathi uhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza.

2. Ukwakheka kwe-XPS okuhlala isikhathi eside okubizwa nge-Halogenated Flame Retardant

Ama-halogenated flame retardants (isb., brominated) aphazamisa ukusabela kwe-combustion chain ngokukhulula ama-halogen radicals, anikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-flame retardant kodwa abeka izingozi zemvelo nezempilo.

(1) Ukwakheka Kokwakheka:

• I-Polystyrene (PS): 100phr (isisekelo se-resin)
• I-Brominated flame retardant: 10–20phr (isb., i-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) noma i-polystyrene ene-brominated)
• I-antimony trioxide (i-synergist): 3–5phr (kuthuthukisa umphumela wokuvimbela ilangabi)
• I-ejenti yokugwedla: 5–10phr (isb., i-carbon dioxide noma i-butane)
• Isihlanzi: 1–2phr (isb., i-polyethylene wax, ithuthukisa ukusabalala kwe-langabi elivimbela ilangabi)
• Isithambisi: 1–2phr (isb., i-calcium stearate, ithuthukisa ukugeleza kokucubungula)
• I-Antioxidant: 0.5–1 ingxenye (isb., 1010 noma 168, ivimbela ukuwohloka ngesikhathi sokucubungula)

(2) Indlela Yokucubungula:

• I-Premix PS resin, i-flame retardant, i-synergist, i-dispersant, i-lubricant, kanye ne-antioxidant ngokulinganayo.
• Faka i-ejenti yokugwedla bese uncibilikisa ingxube ku-extruder.
• Lawula izinga lokushisa lokukhipha ku-180–220°C ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igwebu lisebenza kahle futhi libumbeka kahle.

(3) Izici:

• Izinzuzo: Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kokuvimbela umlilo, inani eliphansi lokwengeza, kanye nezindleko eziphansi.
• Ukungalungi: Kungakhiqiza amagesi anobuthi (isb., i-hydrogen bromide) ngesikhathi sokusha, okubangela ukukhathazeka ngemvelo.

3. Ukwakheka kwe-XPS okungenalo i-Halogen Flame Retardant

Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezingenayo i-halogen (isb., ezisekelwe ku-phosphorus, ezisekelwe ku-nitrogen, noma ama-hydroxide angaphili) zithola ukuvimbela ilangabi ngokumunca ukushisa noma ukwakha izendlalelo zokuvikela, okunikeza ukusebenza okungcono kwemvelo.

(1) Ukwakheka Kokwakheka:

• I-Polystyrene (PS): 100phr (isisekelo se-resin)
• Isivimbeli somlilo esisekelwe ku-phosphorus: 10–15phr (isb.,i-ammonium polyphosphate (APP)noma i-phosphorus ebomvu)
• Isivimbeli somlilo esisekelwe ku-nitrogen: 5–10phr (isb., i-melamine cyanurate (MCA))
• i-hydroxide engaphili: 20–30phr (isb., i-magnesium hydroxide noma i-aluminium hydroxide)
• I-ejenti yokugwedla: 5–10phr (isb., i-carbon dioxide noma i-butane)
• Isihlanzi: 1–2phr (isb., i-polyethylene wax, ithuthukisa ukusabalala)
• Isithambisi: 1–2phr (isb., i-zinc stearate, ithuthukisa ukugeleza kokucubungula)
• I-Antioxidant: 0.5–1 ingxenye (isb., 1010 noma 168, ivimbela ukuwohloka ngesikhathi sokucubungula)

(2) Indlela Yokucubungula:

• I-Premix PS resin, i-flame retardant, i-dispersant, i-lubricant, kanye ne-antioxidant ngokulinganayo.
• Faka i-ejenti yokugwedla bese uncibilikisa ingxube ku-extruder.
• Lawula izinga lokushisa lokukhipha ku-180–210°C ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igwebu lisebenza kahle futhi libumbeka.

(3) Izici:

• Izinzuzo: Inobungani nemvelo, ayinawo amagesi anobuthi akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusha, ihambisana nemithethonqubo yezemvelo.
• Ukungalungi: Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kokuvimbela umlilo, amanani aphezulu okwengezwayo, kungathinta izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokusebenza kwe-foam.

4. Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Ekwakhiweni Kwefomula

(1) Ukukhetha Okungalawuli Ilanga

• Izinto ezigcina ilangabi ezifakwe i-halogen: Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kodwa kunezingozi zemvelo nezempilo.
• Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezingenayo i-halogen: Inobungani kakhulu nemvelo kodwa idinga inani eliphezulu lokwengeza.

(2) Ukusetshenziswa kwama-Synergists

• I-antimony trioxide: Isebenza ngokubambisana nezithiyo zomlilo ezifakwe i-halogenated ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ukuthiyo zomlilo.
• Ukusebenzisana kwe-phosphorus-nitrogenEzinhlelweni ezingenayo i-halogen, izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezisekelwe ku-phosphorus kanye ne-nitrogen zingasebenza ndawonye ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.

(3) Ukuhlakazeka Nokucutshungulwa

• Izisabalalisi: Qinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezivimbela ilangabi zisakazeka ngendlela efanayo ukuze ugweme ukugxila okuphezulu endaweni ethile.
• Izinto zokugcoba: Thuthukisa ukugeleza kokucubungula futhi unciphise ukuguguleka kwemishini.

(4) Ukukhethwa Kwe-ejenti Enegwebu

• Izinto zokwenza amagwebu ngokomzimba: Njenge-CO₂ noma i-butane, enobungani nemvelo enemiphumela emihle yokugqwala.
• Izinto zokukhiqiza amakhemikhali: Njenge-azodicarbonamide (AC), ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kokukhipha amagwebu kodwa kungadala amagesi ayingozi.

(5) Ama-Antioxidant

Vimbela ukuwohloka kwezinto ngesikhathi sokucubungula futhi uthuthukise ukuzinza komkhiqizo.

5. Izicelo Ezijwayelekile

• Ukushisa kwesakhiwo: Isetshenziswa ezindongeni, ophahleni, kanye nasezingqimbeni zokuvikela phansi.
• Ukufakwa kwe-Cold chain: Ukuvikela ukufudumala kwezimoto ezibandayo kanye neziqandisiwe.
• Ezinye izinkambu: Izinto zokuhlobisa, izinto zokuvimbela umsindo, njll.

6. Izincomo Zokuthuthukisa Ukwakheka

(1) Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kahle Kokuvimbezela Umlilo

• Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezihlanganisiwe: Njenge-halogen-antimony noma i-phosphorus-nitrogen synergies yokuthuthukisa ukuvinjelwa komlilo.
• Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi le-nano: Njenge-nano magnesium hydroxide noma ubumba lwe-nano, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngenkathi kunciphisa inani lezithako.

(2) Ukuthuthukisa Izakhiwo Zemishini

• Ama-ejenti okuqinisa: Njenge-POE noma i-EPDM, okuthuthukisa ukuqina kwezinto kanye nokumelana nomthelela.
• Ukuqinisa ama-filler: Njengemicu yengilazi, eqinisa amandla nokuqina.

(3) Ukwehliswa Kwezindleko

• Lungiselela izilinganiso ezivimbela ilangabi: Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngenkathi uhlangabezana nezidingo zokuvimbela umlilo.
• Khetha izinto ezingabizi kakhulu: Njengezinto ezigcina ilangabi zasekhaya noma ezixubile.

7. Izidingo Zemvelo Nezokulawula

• Izinto ezigcina ilangabi ezifakwe i-halogen: Kuvinjelwe yimithetho efana ne-RoHS ne-REACH; sebenzisa ngokucophelela.
• Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezingenayo i-halogen: Landela imithethonqubo yezemvelo futhi umele izitayela zesikhathi esizayo.

Isifinyezo

Umklamo wokwakheka kwezithiyo zomlilo ze-XPS kufanele usekelwe ezimweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa kanye nezidingo zomthetho, ukhethe phakathi kwezithiyo zomlilo ezingenayo i-halogen noma ezingenayo i-halogen. Izithiyo zomlilo ezingenayo i-halogen zinikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kodwa zibangela ukukhathazeka ngemvelo, kuyilapho izithiyo zomlilo ezingenayo i-halogen zinobungane kakhulu nemvelo kodwa zidinga inani eliphezulu lokwengeza. Ngokwenza ngcono ukwakheka nezinqubo, i-XPS esebenza kahle kakhulu, enobungane nemvelo, futhi engabizi kakhulu ingakhiqizwa ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zokufakwa kwe-insulation kwesakhiwo kanye neminye imikhakha.

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