Isingeniso Se-Nitrogen-based Flame Retardants yeNyiloni

Isingeniso Se-Nitrogen-based Flame Retardants yeNyiloni

Izinqamuleli zamalangabi ezisekelwe ku-nitrogen zibonakala ngobuthi obuphansi, ukungagqwali, ukuzinza kwe-thermal ne-UV, ukusebenza kahle okuhle kokuvinjelwa komlilo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Kodwa-ke, izithiyo zabo zihlanganisa ubunzima bokucubungula nokuhlakazeka okungalungile ku-matrix ye-polymer. Izinqamuleli zomlilo ezisekelwe ku-nitrogen ezivamile zenayiloni zifaka i-MCA (melamine cyanrate), i-melamine, ne-MPP (melamine polyphosphate).

Indlela yokuvimbela amalangabi ihlanganisa izici ezimbili:

1. I-“Sublimation and Endothermic” Physical Mechanism: I-Fizical Retardant inciphisa izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu lezinto ze-polymer futhi iyihlukanise nomoya ngokusebenzisa i-sublimation kanye nokumunca ukushisa.
2. I-Catalytic Carbonization kanye ne-Intumescent Mechanism Esigabeni Esifingqiwe: I-flame retardant isebenzisana nenayiloni, iphromotha i-carbonization eqondile kanye nokunwetshwa.

I-MCA ibonisa imisebenzi embaxambili enqubweni yokunqanda amalangabi, ikhuthaza kokubili ukwenziwa kwe-carbonization kanye nokukhihliza amagwebu. Indlela evimbe amalangabi nokusebenza kwayo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwenayiloni. Ucwaningo ku-MCA ne-MPP ku-PA6 kanye ne-PA66 luveza ukuthi lezi zinto ezibuyisela amalangabi zidala ukuxhumanisa ku-PA66 kodwa zikhuthaza ukuwohloka ku-PA6, okuholela ekusebenzeni okungcono kokumelana nelangabi ku-PA66 kune-PA6.

1. I-Melamine Cyanrate (MCA)

I-MCA ihlanganiswa ne-melamine ne-cyanuric acid emanzini, yenze i-hydrogen-bonded adduct. Kuyinto enhle kakhulu engena-halogen, enobuthi obuphansi, kanye nentuthu encibilikisa ilangabi elivame ukusetshenziswa kumapholima enayiloni. Kodwa-ke, i-MCA yendabuko inezinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika (ibola kanye ne-sublimating ngaphezu kuka-400°C) futhi ingahlanganiswa kuphela nezinhlayiya ezisesimweni sezinhlayiyana eziqinile, okuholela ekuhlakazweni okungalingani kanye nobukhulu bezinhlayiyana ezinkulu, okuba nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-flame-retardant. Ukwengeza, i-MCA isebenza ngokuyinhloko esigabeni segesi, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-char ephansi kanye nezingqimba zekhabhoni ezixegayo ezingavikeli ngesikhathi sokusha.

Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinkinga, ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe be-molecular buye basetshenziswa ukuze kulungiswe i-MCA ngokwethula isithasiselo se-flame-retardant (WEX), esehlisa iphoyinti lokuncibilika le-MCA, esivumela ukuncibilika kanye nokuhlakazeka okuhle kakhulu nge-PA6. I-WEX iphinde ithuthukise ukwakheka kwe-char ngesikhathi sokusha, ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yongqimba lwekhabhoni futhi iqinise umphumela we-MCA wesigaba esifingqiwe we-flame-retardant, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize izinto ezibamba ilangabi ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu.

2. I-Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR)

I-IFR iwuhlelo olubalulekile lwe-halogen-free flame-retardant. Izinzuzo zayo ngaphezu kwe-halogenated flame retardants ihlanganisa ukukhishwa kwentuthu ephansi kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi engeyona enobuthi ngesikhathi sokusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungqimba lwe-char olwakhiwe yi-IFR lungamunca i-polymer encibilikisiwe, evuthayo, luvimbele ukuconsa nokubhebhetheka komlilo.

Izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-IFR zifaka:

• Umthombo wegesi (izinhlanganisela ezisekelwe ku-melamine)
• Umthombo we-Acid (i-phosphorus-nitrogen retardants)
• Umthombo wekhabhoni (inayiloni ngokwayo)
• Izithasiselo ze-Synergistic (isb, i-zinc borate, i-aluminium hydroxide) kanye nama-anti-dripping agents.

Lapho isilinganiso esikhulu se-phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants kuma-compounds asekelwe ku-melamine sithi:

• Ngaphansi kuka-1%: Umphumela onganele we-flame-retardant.
• Ngaphezulu kwama-30%: Ukuguquguquka kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
• Phakathi kuka-1%–30% (ikakhulukazi u-7%–20%): Ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-flame-retardant ngaphandle kokuthikameza ukucutshungulwa.

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