Isingeniso Sezinto Ezivimbela Umlilo Ezisekelwe Ku-nitrogen Ze-Nylon

Isingeniso Sezinto Ezivimbela Umlilo Ezisekelwe Ku-nitrogen Ze-Nylon

Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezisekelwe ku-nitrogen zibonakala ngokuba nobuthi obuphansi, ukungaboli, ukuzinza kokushisa kanye ne-UV, ukusebenza kahle okuvimbela ilangabi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zazo zifaka phakathi ubunzima bokucubungula kanye nokuhlakazeka okungekuhle ku-polymer matrix. Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezisekelwe ku-nitrogen ezivamile ze-nylon zifaka i-MCA (melamine cyanurate), i-melamine, kanye ne-MPP (melamine polyphosphate).

Indlela yokuvimbela ilangabi ihilela izici ezimbili:

1. Indlela Yokusebenza Ebonakalayo "Yokuncibilikisa Nokuncibilikisa I-Endothermic": Isivimbeli somlilo sinciphisa izinga lokushisa lobuso bezinto ze-polymer futhi sihlukanise nomoya ngokusebenzisa ukuncibilikisa kanye nokumuncwa kokushisa.
2. Indlela Yokwenza I-Carbonization kanye Ne-Intumescent Esigabeni Esihlanganisiwe: I-flame retardant ixhumana ne-nylon, ikhuthaza i-carbonization eqondile kanye nokwanda.

I-MCA ibonisa imisebenzi emibili enqubweni yokuvimbela umlilo, ikhuthaza kokubili i-carbonization kanye ne-foam. Indlela yokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuvimbela umlilo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-nylon. Izifundo ku-MCA kanye ne-MPP ku-PA6 kanye ne-PA66 zembula ukuthi lezi zithiya zomlilo zibangela ukuxhumanisa ku-PA66 kodwa zikhuthaza ukuwohloka ku-PA6, okuholela ekusebenzeni okungcono kokuvimbela umlilo ku-PA66 kunaku-PA6.

1. I-Melamine Cyanurate (i-MCA)

I-MCA yenziwe nge-melamine ne-cyanuric acid emanzini, yakha i-adduct ene-hydrogen-bond. Iyi-halogen-free, ubuthi obuphansi, kanye ne-flame retardant enhle kakhulu evame ukusetshenziswa kuma-polymer e-nylon. Kodwa-ke, i-MCA yendabuko ine-melting point ephezulu (ibola futhi i-sublimation ngaphezu kuka-400°C) futhi ingaxutshwa kuphela nama-resin ngesimo sezinhlayiya eziqinile, okuholela ekuhlakazekeni okungalingani kanye nosayizi wezinhlayiya ezinkulu, okuthinta kabi ukusebenza kahle kokuvimbela umlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-MCA isebenza ngokuyinhloko esigabeni segesi, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-char ephansi kanye nezendlalelo zekhabhoni ezikhululekile, ezingavikeli ngesikhathi sokushisa.

Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe be-molecular composite ukuguqula i-MCA ngokwethula isithasiselo esivimbela umlilo esihambisanayo (i-WEX), ehlisa iphuzu lokuncibilika kwe-MCA, okwenza kube nokuncibilika kanye nokusabalala okuhle kakhulu nge-PA6. I-WEX iphinde ithuthukise ukwakheka kwe-char ngesikhathi sokusha, ithuthukise ikhwalithi yengqimba yekhabhoni futhi iqinise umphumela we-MCA ovimbela umlilo wesigaba esihlanganisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize izinto ezivimbela umlilo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.

2. I-Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR)

I-IFR iyisistimu ebalulekile yokuvimbela umlilo engenalo i-halogen. Izinzuzo zayo ngaphezu kwe-halogenated flame retardants zifaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwentuthu okuphansi kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi okungenabuthi ngesikhathi sokusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungqimba lwe-char olwakhiwe yi-IFR lungamunca i-polymer encibilikisiwe, evuthayo, ivimbele ukuvuza kanye nokusabalala komlilo.

Izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-IFR zifaka:

• Umthombo wegesi (amakhemikhali asekelwe ku-melamine)
• Umthombo we-asidi (izithibi zomlilo ze-phosphorus-nitrogen)
• Umthombo wekhabhoni (inayiloni ngokwayo)
• Izithasiselo ezihambisanayo (isib. i-zinc borate, i-aluminium hydroxide) kanye nama-anti-dripping agents.

Uma isilinganiso sobuningi bezinto ezigcina ilangabi le-phosphorus-nitrogen kuma-compounds asekelwe ku-melamine singu:

• Ngaphansi kwe-1%: Umphumela onganele wokuvimbezela ilangabi.
• Ngaphezulu kuka-30%: Ukuguquguquka kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
• Phakathi kuka-1%–30% (ikakhulukazi u-7%–20%): Ukusebenza kahle okuvimbela ilangabi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukucutshungulwa.

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