Ucwaningo Ngokubuyiswa Kwelangabi Lezinto Zezimoto kanye Nemikhuba Yokusebenza Yezintambo Ezibuyiswa Ngamalangabi Ezimotweni

Ucwaningo Ngokubuyiswa Kwelangabi Lezinto Zezimoto kanye Nemikhuba Yokusebenza Yezintambo Ezibuyiswa Ngamalangabi Ezimotweni

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezimoto, izimoto—ezisetshenziselwa ukuya emsebenzini noma ukuthutha izimpahla—ziphenduke amathuluzi abalulekile ekuphileni kwabantu. Nakuba izimoto zinikeza ukunethezeka, ziphinde zibe nezingozi zokuphepha, njengezingozi zomgwaqo kanye nokusha okuzenzakalelayo. Ngenxa yesikhala esivalekile nezinto zangaphakathi ezivuthayo, uma kuqubuka umlilo emotweni, kuvame ukuba nzima ukuyilawula, ibeke engozini izimpilo nempahla yabagibeli. Ngakho-ke, ukuphepha komlilo ezimotweni kufanele kube ukukhathazeka okukhulu kubasebenzisi.

Izimbangela zokusha kwezimoto ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa zibe:
(1) Izinto ezihlobene nemoto, okuhlanganisa amaphutha kagesi, ukuvuza kukaphethiloli, nokushayisana kwemishini okubangelwa ukuguqulwa okungafanele, ukufakwa, noma ukulungiswa.
(2) Izici zangaphandle, njengokushayisana, ukugingqika, ukushiswa, noma imithombo yokuthungela engagadiwe.

Izimoto zamandla amasha, ezifakelwe amabhethri anamandla amakhulu, zijwayele ukusha ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamasekhethi amafushane abangelwa ukushayisana, ukubhoboza, ukuphuma kokushisa okushisayo, noma amandla amaningi ngesikhathi sokushaja okusheshayo.

01 Ucwaningo Lokubuyiswa Kwelangabi Lezinto Zezimoto

Ukufundwa kwezinto ezivimbela amalangabi kwaqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 e-United States. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwaba nezidingo ezintsha zocwaningo mayelana nokuncipha komlilo kwezinto zangaphakathi zezimoto, ikakhulukazi kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

Okokuqala, ucwaningo lwethiyori ngokuncipha komlilo. Eminyakeni yamuva, abacwaningi baseShayina baye bagcizelela kakhulu ukutadisha izindlela zokuvutha zamafayibha namapulasitiki ahlukahlukene, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinqamuleli zomlilo.

Okwesibili, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezivimbela ilangabi. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezithuthukisiwe. Emazweni ngamazwe, izinto ezifana ne-PPS, i-carbon fibre, ne-glass fibre zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlukahlukene.

Okwesithathu, cwaninga ngezindwangu ezingabambezeli ilangabi. Izindwangu ezibuyisela amalangabi kulula ukukhiqiza futhi zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Nakuba izindwangu zikakotini ezingavimbeli ilangabi sezithuthuke kahle, ucwaningo ngezinye izindwangu ezingabusheki ilangabi luhlala lulinganiselwe e-China.

Okwesine, imithethonqubo nezindlela zokuhlola zezinto ezibuyiswa ngamalangabi.

Izinto zangaphakathi zezimoto zingahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezigaba ezintathu:

1. Izinto ezenziwe nge-fiber (isb, izihlalo, okhaphethi, amabhande ezihlalo)—ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezithintana ngqo nabagibeli.
2. Izinto ezisekelwe epulasitiki.
3. Izinto ezisekelwe enjoloba.

Izinto ezisekelwe ku-fiber, njengoba zivutha kakhulu futhi ziseduze nabagibeli, zibeka izingozi ezinkulu uma kwenzeka kusha. Ukwengeza, ezinye izingxenye zemoto, njengamabhethri nezinjini, zitholakala eduze kwezinto zendwangu, okwandisa amathuba okubhebhetheka komlilo. Ngakho-ke, ukufunda ukubambezeleka komlilo kwezinto zangaphakathi zezimoto kubalulekile ukuze kubambezeleke ukusha nokunikeza isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphunyuka kubagibeli.

02 Ukwahlukaniswa Kwemicu Engabuyiswa Ilangabi

Ekusetshenzisweni kwezindwangu zezimboni, izindwangu zezimoto zinesabelo esikhulu. Isilinganiso semoto yomgibeli iqukethe cishe u-20–40 kg wezinto zangaphakathi, eziningi zazo okuyizindwangu, okuhlanganisa amakhava ezihlalo, ama-cushion, amabhande ezihlalo, nama-headrest. Lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlobene eduze nokuphepha kwabashayeli nabagibeli, okwenza kube nesidingo sezindawo ezibambezela amalangabi ukunciphisa ukubhebhetheka kwelangabi nokwandisa isikhathi sokuphunyuka.

Imicu ye-flame retardantachazwa njengemicu engabasi noma engashi ngokungaphelele lapho ithinta umthombo womlilo, ekhiqiza amalangabi amancane nokuzicisha ngokwayo ngokushesha lapho umthombo womlilo ususiwe. I-Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) ijwayele ukusetshenziswa ukukala ukuvutha, nge-LOI engaphezu kuka-21% ebonisa ukuvutha okuphansi.

Imicu ye-flame retardant ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili:

1. Ngokwemvelo I-Flame Retardant Fibers
   Le micu inamaqembu akhelwe ngaphakathi avimbela amalangabi kumaketanga awo e-polymer, athuthukisa ukuqina kokushisa, akhuphule izinga lokushisa lokubola, acindezele ukukhiqizwa kwegesi evuthayo, futhi akhuthaze ukwakheka kwamalahle. Izibonelo zifaka:

• Imicu ye-Aramid (isb, i-para-aramid, i-meta-aramid)
• Imicu ye-Polyimide (isb, i-Kermel, i-P84)
• Imicu ye-Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).
• I-Polybenzimidazole (PBI) imicu
• Imicu ye-melamine (isb, i-Basofil)

Imicu ye-Meta-aramid, i-polysulfonamide, i-polyimide, ne-PPS isivele yakhiqizwa ngobuningi e-China.

1. I-Modified Flame Retardant Fibers
   Le micu ithola ukuncipha komlilo ngezithasiselo noma ngokwelashwa okungaphezulu, okuhlanganisa:

• I-polyester ye-flame retardant
• Inayiloni ebuyisa amalangabi
• I-viscose ye-flame retardant
• I-polypropylene ene-flame retardant

Izindlela zokuguqula zifaka i-copolymerization, ukuhlanganisa, ukuphotha okuyinhlanganisela, ukuxhunyelelwa, kanye nokuqeda.

03 Izicelo Zemicu Esebenza Kakhulu Engabusheki Amalangabi Ekuvikelekeni Kwezimoto

Izinto ezivimbela amalangabi ezimoto kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile ngenxa yemikhawulo yesikhala. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, lezi zinsiza kufanele zimelane nokuvutha noma zibonise amanani alawulwayo okusha (isb., ≤70 mm/min ezimotweni zabagibeli).

Ukwengeza, ukucatshangelwa kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuminyana kwentuthu ephansi kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi enobuthi encaneukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabagibeli.
• Izakhiwo ze-Anti-staticukuvimbela imililo ebangelwa umhwamuko kaphethiloli noma ukunqwabelana kothuli.

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi imoto ngayinye isebenzisa u-20–42 m² wezinto zendwangu, okubonisa amandla amakhulu okukhula kwezindwangu zezimoto. Lezi zindwangu zihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezisebenzayo nezihlobisa, ngokugcizelela okwandayo ekusebenzeni-ikakhulukazi ukuncipha komlilo-ngenxa yokukhathazeka kokuphepha.

Izindwangu ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ze-flame retardant zisetshenziswa ku:

• Amakhava ezihlalo
• Amapaneli eminyango
• Izintambo zamasondo
• Ama-Airbags
• Izindwangu zophahla
• Izinto zokuvikela umsindo kanye ne-insulation

Izindwangu ezingalukiwe ezenziwe nge-polyester, i-carbon fibre, i-polypropylene, ne-glass fiber nazo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ngaphakathi kwezimoto.

Ukuphromotha izinto zangaphakathi zezimoto ezingavuthi amalangabi akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwabagibeli kodwa futhi kunomthelela enhlalakahleni yomphakathi.