Ucwaningo Ngokuphikelela Komlilo Kwezinto Zezimoto kanye Nezindlela Zokusebenzisa Imicu Ephikelela Komlilo Ezimoto

Ucwaningo Ngokuphikelela Komlilo Kwezinto Zezimoto kanye Nezindlela Zokusebenzisa Imicu Ephikelela Komlilo Ezimoto

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni yezimoto, izimoto—ezisetshenziselwa ukuhamba noma ukuthutha izimpahla—zibe amathuluzi abalulekile empilweni yabantu. Nakuba izimoto zinikeza ukulula, ziphinde zibe nezingozi zokuphepha, njengezingozi zomgwaqo kanye nokusha okuzenzakalelayo. Ngenxa yesikhala esilinganiselwe nezinto zangaphakathi ezivuthayo, uma umlilo uqhuma emotweni, kuvame ukuba nzima ukuwulawula, okubeka impilo nempahla yabagibeli engozini. Ngakho-ke, ukuphepha komlilo ezimotweni kufanele kube yinto ekhathazayo abasebenzisi.

Izimbangela zomlilo wezimoto ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa kanje:
(1) Izinto ezihlobene nezimoto, okuhlanganisa amaphutha kagesi, ukuvuza kukaphethiloli, kanye nokungqubuzana komshini okubangelwa ukuguqulwa okungafanele, ukufakwa, noma ukulungiswa.
(2) Izici zangaphandle, njengokushayisana, ukugoqa, ukusha, noma imithombo yokushisa engagadiwe.

Izimoto ezintsha zamandla, ezihlonyiswe ngamabhethri kagesi anamandla amakhulu, zivame kakhulu ukusha ngenxa yemijikelezo emifushane ebangelwa ukushayisana, ukubhoboza, ukubaleka kokushisa ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu, noma ugesi oweqile ngesikhathi sokushaja okusheshayo.

01 Ucwaningo Ngokuphikiswa Komlilo Kwezinto Zezimoto

Ucwaningo lwezinto ezivimbela ilangabi lwaqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 e-United States. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube nezidingo ezintsha zocwaningo mayelana nokuvimbela ilangabi kwezinto zangaphakathi zezimoto, ikakhulukazi kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

Okokuqala, ucwaningo lwemfundiso mayelana nokunciphisa ilangabi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abacwaningi eShayina bagxile kakhulu ekutadisheni izindlela zokusha zemicu ehlukahlukene kanye nepulasitiki, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinciphisa ilangabi.

Okwesibili, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezivimbela umlilo. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezivimbela umlilo ezisathuthukiswa. Emhlabeni jikelele, izinto ezifana ne-PPS, i-carbon fiber, kanye ne-glass fiber zisetshenziswe ngempumelelo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.

Okwesithathu, ucwaningo ngezindwangu ezibamba umlilo. Izindwangu ezibamba umlilo kulula ukuzikhiqiza futhi zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Nakuba izindwangu zikakotini ezibamba umlilo sezivele zithuthukisiwe kahle, ucwaningo ngezinye izindwangu ezibamba umlilo lusencane eShayina.

Okwesine, imithethonqubo kanye nezindlela zokuhlola izinto ezivimbela umlilo.

Izinto zangaphakathi zezimoto zingahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezigaba ezintathu:

1. Izinto ezisekelwe ku-fiber (isib. izihlalo, amakhaphethi, amabhande esihlalo)—izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezithintana ngqo nabagibeli.
2. Izinto ezenziwe ngepulasitiki.
3. Izinto ezisekelwe ngerabha.

Izinto ezisekelwe ku-fiber, njengoba zivutha kakhulu futhi ziseduze nabagibeli, zibeka izingozi ezinkulu uma kwenzeka umlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izingxenye zemoto, njengebhethri nezinjini, zitholakala eduze kwezinto zendwangu, okwandisa amathuba okusabalala komlilo. Ngakho-ke, ukufunda ngokuvimbela umlilo kwezinto zangaphakathi zezimoto kubalulekile ukuze kubambezeleke ukusha futhi kuhlinzekwe isikhathi esengeziwe sokubaleka kwabagibeli.

02 Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezintambo Ezivimbela Umlilo

Ezisetshenzisweni zendwangu zezimboni, izindwangu zezimoto zithatha isabelo esikhulu. Imoto yabagibeli evamile iqukethe cishe amakhilogremu angu-20-40 ezinto zangaphakathi, eziningi zazo eziyizindwangu, okuhlanganisa izembozo zezihlalo, imicamelo, amabhande esihlalo, kanye nezindawo zokubeka ikhanda. Lezi zinto zihlobene kakhulu nokuphepha kwabashayeli nabagibeli, okudinga izakhiwo ezivimbela ilangabi ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabalala komlilo futhi kwandiswe isikhathi sokubaleka.

Imicu ebamba ilangabizichazwa njengemicu engavuthi noma ingashi ngokuphelele lapho ithinta umthombo womlilo, ikhiqiza amalangabi amancane futhi izicime ngokushesha uma umthombo womlilo usususiwe. I-Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) ivame ukusetshenziswa ukukala ukusha, kanti i-LOI engaphezu kuka-21% ibonisa ukusha okuphansi.

Imicu egcina ilangabi ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:

1. Imicu Evikela Umlilo Ngokwemvelo
   Lezi zindwangu zinamaqembu agcina ilangabi akhelwe ngaphakathi emaketangeni azo e-polymer, okuthuthukisa ukuzinza kokushisa, okwandisa amazinga okushisa okubola, okucindezela ukukhiqizwa kwegesi evuthayo, futhi okukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-char. Izibonelo zifaka:

• Imicu ye-Aramid (isb., i-para-aramid, i-meta-aramid)
• Imicu ye-polyimide (isb., i-Kermel, i-P84)
• Imicu ye-Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS)
• Imicu ye-Polybenzimidazole (PBI)
• Imicu ye-Melamine (isb., i-Basofil)

Imicu ye-Meta-aramid, i-polysulfonamide, i-polyimide, kanye ne-PPS isivele ikhiqizwa ngobuningi eShayina.

1. Imicu Eguquliwe Evimbela Umlilo
   Lezi zindwangu zithola ukuphelelwa amandla komlilo ngezithasiselo noma ukwelashwa kwendawo, okuhlanganisa:

• I-polyester ebamba ilangabi
• Inayiloni ebamba ilangabi
• I-viscose ebamba ilangabi
• I-polypropylene evimbela ilangabi

Izindlela zokuguqula zifaka phakathi i-copolymerization, ukuxuba, ukusonta okuhlanganisiwe, ukuxhunyelelwa, kanye nokuqeda.

03 Ukusetshenziswa Kwezintambo Ezivikela Umlilo Ezisebenza Kakhulu Ekuvikelweni Kwezimoto

Izinto ezivimbela ilangabi lezimoto kumele zihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile ngenxa yesikhala esincane. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, lezi zinto kufanele zimelane nokusha noma zibonise amazinga okusha alawulwayo (isb., ≤70 mm/min ezimotweni zabagibeli).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izincazelo zihlanganisa:

• Ubuningi bentuthu obuphansi kanye nokukhishwa okuncane kwegesi enobuthiukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabagibeli.
• Izakhiwo ezilwa nokungaguquguqukiukuvimbela imililo ebangelwa umusi kaphethiloli noma ukunqwabelana kothuli.

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi imoto ngayinye isebenzisa izinto zendwangu ezingama-20–42 m², okubonisa amandla amakhulu okukhula ezindwangu zezimoto. Lezi zindwangu zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezisebenzayo nezokuhlobisa, kugcizelelwa kakhulu ekusebenzeni—ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela ilangabi—ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokuphepha.

Izindwangu ezigcina ilangabi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zisetshenziswa ku:

• Izembozo zezihlalo
• Amaphaneli eminyango
• Izintambo zamathayi
• Ama-Airbag
• Ama-lining ophahleni
• Izinto zokuvimbela umsindo kanye nokuvikela ukushisa

Izindwangu ezingalukiwe ezenziwe nge-polyester, i-carbon fiber, i-polypropylene, kanye ne-glass fiber nazo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezindlini zezimoto.

Ukukhuthaza ingaphakathi lezimoto ezivimbela ilangabi akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwabagibeli kodwa futhi kunegalelo enhlalakahleni yomphakathi.