Isixazululo Esihlelekile Sokunciphisa Ukuminyana Kwentuthu Yefilimu ye-TPU

Isixazululo Esihlelekile Sokunciphisa Ukuminyana Kwentuthu Yefilimu ye-TPU (Okwamanje: 280; Okuhlosiwe: <200)
(Ukwakheka kwamanje: I-Aluminium hypophosphite 15 phr, MCA 5 phr, Zinc borate 2 phr)

I. Ukuhlaziywa Kwenkinga Eyisisekelo

1. Imikhawulo Yokwakhiwa Kwamanje:

• I-aluminium hypophosphite: Icindezela ngokuyinhloko ukusakazeka kwelangabi kodwa inokucindezela okulinganiselwe kwentuthu.
• I-MCA: I-gas-phase flame retardant isebenza kahle ekukhanyeni kwangemuva (sekuvele kuhlangatshezwana nethagethi) kodwa ayanele ekunciphiseni intuthu evuthayo.
• I-Zinc borate: Iphromotha ukwakheka kwe-char kodwa yehliswe umthamo omncane (i-2 kuphela phr), yehluleka ukwakha ungqimba oluminyene olwanele ukuze lucindezele intuthu.

1. Isidingo Esibalulekile:

• Yehlisa ukuminyana kwentuthu evuthayo ngokusebenzisaukucindezelwa kwentuthu okuthuthukisiwenomaizindlela zokuhlanjululwa kwesigaba segesi.

II. Amasu Okuthuthukisa

1. Lungisa Izilinganiso Zokwakha Ezikhona

• I-aluminium hypophosphite: Khulisa ku18-20 phr(ithuthukisa ukuncipha kwelangabi lesigaba esijiyile; qapha ukuguquguquka).
• I-MCA: Khulisa ku6-8 iph(inyusa isenzo sesigaba segesi; amanani eqile angehlisa isithunzi ukucutshungulwa).
• I-Zinc borate: Khulisa ku3-4 iph(iqinisa ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu).

Ukwakhiwa Okulungisiwe Isibonelo:

• I-aluminium hypophosphite: 18 phr
• I-MCA: 7 ph
• I-Zinc borate: 4 phr

2. Yethula Izinqamuleli Zentuthu Ezisebenza Kakhulu

• I-Molybdenum compounds(isb, i-zinc molybdate noma i-ammonium molybdate):
• Iqhaza: Ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwe-char, idale umgoqo ominyene ukuvimba intuthu.
• Umthamo: 2–3 phr (ihlanganisa ne-zinc borate).
• I-Nanoclay (montmorillonite):
• Iqhaza: Isithiyo esingokomzimba sokunciphisa ukukhululwa kwegesi evuthayo.
• Umthamo: 3–5 phr (ubuso-bulungiselwe ukuhlakazwa).
• I-silicone-based flame retardants:
• Iqhaza: Ithuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-char kanye nokucindezelwa kwentuthu.
• Umthamo: 1–2 phr (igwema ukulahlekelwa obala).

3. I-Synergistic System Optimization

• I-Zinc borate: Engeza 1–2 phr ukuze uhlanganise ne-aluminium hypophosphite ne-zinc borate.
• I-Ammonium polyphosphate (APP): Engeza 1–2 phr ukuze uthuthukise isenzo sesigaba segesi nge-MCA.

III. Ukwakhiwa Okubanzi Okunconyiwe

Imiphumela Elindelwe:

• Ukuminyana kwentuthu evuthayo: ≤200 (nge-char + i-gas-phase synergy).
• Ukuminyana kwentuthu ye-Afterglow: Gcina u-≤200 (MCA + zinc borate).

IV. Amanothi Abalulekile Okuthuthukisa Inqubo

1. Icubungula izinga lokushisa: Gcina ku-180–200°C ukuze uvimbele ukubola kwelangabi ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
2. Ukuhlakazeka:

• Sebenzisa ukuxuba kwesivinini esikhulu (≥2000 rpm) ukuze uthole ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwe-nanoclay/molybdate.
• Engeza i-ejenti yokuhlanganisa engu-0.5–1 phr silane (isb, i-KH550) ukuze uthuthukise ukuhambisana kokugcwalisa.

1. Ukwakhiwa Kwefilimu: Ngokusakaza, nciphisa izinga lokupholisa ukuze wenze kube lula ukwakheka kwe-char layer.

V. Izinyathelo Zokuqinisekisa

1. Ukuhlolwa Kwelebhu: Lungiselela amasampula ngokubunjwa okunconyiwe; yenza ukuhlolwa kokushiswa okuqondile kwe-UL94 kanye nokuminyana kwentuthu (ASTM E662).
2. Ibhalansi yokusebenza: Hlola amandla okuqina, ubude, nokungafihli.
3. Ukuthuthukisa Okuphindaphindayo: Uma ukuminyana kwentuthu kuhlala kuphezulu, lungisa ngokuqhubekayo i-molybdate noma i-nanoclay (±1 phr).

VI. Izindleko & Ukuba nokwenzeka

• I-Cost Impact: I-Zinc molybdate (~¥50/kg) + i-nanoclay (~¥30/kg) yenyusa inani lezindleko ngo-<15% ekulayisheni okungu-≤10%.
• I-Industrial Scalability: Iyahambisana nokucubungula okujwayelekile kwe-TPU; akukho mishini ekhethekile edingekayo.

VII. Isiphetho

Nguukwandisa i-zinc borate + ukwengeza i-molybdate + nanoclay, uhlelo lwezenzo ezintathu (ukwakheka kwe-char + dilution yegesi + umgoqo ongokomzimba) ingafinyelela ukuminyana kwentuthu evuthayo okuhlosiwe (≤200). Beka kuqala ukuhlola imolybdate + nanoclayinhlanganisela, bese ulinganisa kahle ibhalansi yokusebenza kwezindleko.